人工水草对污染河流中氮磷等污染物的去除效果研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 11:35

本文关键词：人工水草对污染河流中氮磷等污染物的去除效果研究　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：河流生态系统是自然生态系统的重要组成部分,是人类赖以生存和发展的基础和源泉。但是随着人类对河流的过度开发以及污染物质的不断排放,河流水体结构和功能受到了严重破坏。因此,如何有效治理和改善受污染河流水质状况,是实现水资源可持续发展的关键。人工水草技术作为一种典型的河流原位水质改善生物膜载体技术,具有成本低、二次污染少、改善水质效果好、环境安全性好等优点。本文通过设置人工水草挂膜实验、参数优化实验和微生物群落结构特征分析实验以及人工水草在赵牛河湿地中的工程应用实验,探究人工水草对城市河道污水的处理效果并确定人工水草最佳运行参数,以期为人工水草在污染水体中的应用提供科学依据。本论文的主要研究成果如下:(1)确定了人工水草最佳的挂膜时间为8天。挂膜进行到第8天时人工水草对COD、氨氮和总氮的去除率分别为63.4%、43.4%和43.2%,分别高出空白9.1%、4.9%和19.3%。人工水草组的微生物种类比空白组更加丰富,优势菌属为新鞘脂菌属(Novosphingobium)、噬氢菌属(Hydrogenophaga)、鞘脂单胞菌属(Sphingobium)、Pedobacter菌属等,它们均属于去除氮磷、COD的功能微生物。(2)明确了人工水草净化污水的最佳运行参数和微生物学信息。○1通过人工水草长度筛选实验得出,人工水草对模拟污水去除效果最佳的长度为100cm,对COD、氨氮和总氮去除率分别为90.50%、82.99%和49.20%;黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、Methylotenera菌属和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)是优势菌种,它们对于污染物的去除起重要作用。○2人工水草对对模拟污水去除效果最佳的溶解氧浓度范围是3-5mg/L,人工水草对COD、氨氮和总氮去除率分别为88.00%、41.96%和15.00%;黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)是优势菌种。○3人工水草对模拟污水去除效果最好的pH值范围为8.0-8.5,对COD、氨氮、总氮的去除率分别为84.10%、39.42%、29.67%;草酸杆菌属(Oxalobacteraceae)在p H值为5.0-6.0时是优势菌种,而在pH8.0-8.5时丰度最低,这表明草酸杆菌属并不是去除氮磷、COD的功能菌属。○4夏季温度对人工水草的净化效果最佳,对COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷的去除率分别为90.02%、59.20%、58.55%和27.03%;假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、Azohydromonas菌属、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)在本阶段实验中为优势菌种。(3)对人工水草在赵牛河人工湿地对污染物的去除效率进行了研究。2014年人工水草对COD、氨氮和总氮的平均去除率分别为38.5%、16.1%和18.2%,实验中DO平均浓度提高了13.9%;2015年人工水草对COD、氨氮和总氮的平均去除率比2014年分别增加了15.7%、2.1%和1.1%,DO平均浓度提高了11%;2016年人工水草对COD、氨氮和总氮的平均去除率比2015年分别增加了8.1%、9.3%和11.9%,DO平均浓度提高了21.3%。人工水草生物膜上同样检测出了黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、Methylotenera菌属和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),虽然相对丰度不高,但也能够与室内实验相互衔接。由此可知人工水草在污染河流中具有一定的推广应用价值。
[Abstract]:River ecosystem is an important part of the natural ecosystem, is the foundation and source of human survival and development. But with the continuous development of human emissions of river pollution and excessive material, structure and function of river water has been severely damaged. Therefore, how to effectively improve the water quality pollution governance and by the river, is the key to realize the sustainable development of water resources. The technology of artificial plants as biofilm carrier for improving water quality of typical rivers in situ, two has the advantages of low cost, less pollution, water quality improvement effect is good, has the advantages of good security environment. In this paper, by setting the artificial aquatic biofilm experiment, experimental application in Niuhe Zhao in wetland engineering experimental parameters optimization experiment and characteristics of microbial community structure analysis and research of artificial plants, artificial plants treatment of city river sewage and determine the most artificial plants The best operating parameters, so as to provide scientific basis for the application of artificial plants in polluted water. The main results of this dissertation are as follows: (1) to determine the best artificial aquatic biofilm biofilm time was 8 days. To carry out the eighth day artificial plants of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rate respectively. 63.4%, 43.4% and 43.2%, respectively, 4.9% and 9.1% higher than the blank group, 19.3%. artificial aquatic microbial species is more abundant than in the blank group, dominant genus for the new genus sphingolipids (Novosphingobium), macrophage (Hydrogenophaga), hydrogen bacteria sphingolipids Pseudomonas sp. (Sphingobium), Pedobacter and so on, they all belong to the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, microbial COD. (2) the artificial plant sewage purification and the optimum operation parameters of Microbiology information. 1 through the artificial plants, the length of screening experiments, artificial plants simulated wastewater on the best removal length is 100cm, COD, ammonia nitrogen And the total nitrogen removal rate were 90.50%, 82.99% and 49.20%; Flavobacterium sp. (Flavobacterium), Methylotenera and Acinetobacter (Acinetobacter) is the dominant species, which play an important role for the removal of pollutants. In 2 artificial plants is 3-5mg/L to the simulated wastewater on the best removal of dissolved oxygen concentration, artificial plants of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rates were 88%, 41.96% and 15%; (Flavobacterium) Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas sp. (Pseudomonas) is the dominant species. In 3 artificial plants has the best removal effect of simulated sewage pH value range of 8.0-8.5, COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen removal rate were 84.10%, 39.42%, 29.67%; oxalic acid bacillus (Oxalobacteraceae) in the P H value of 5.0-6.0 is the dominant species, and the abundance in the lowest at pH8.0-8.5, which indicates that oxalic acid bacillus is not the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, COD functional bacteria genera. 4, the temperature in summer The purification effect of artificial plants, COD, ammonia nitrogen, 59.20% of total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal rate were 90.02%, 58.55% and 27.03%; Pseudomonas sp. (Pseudomonas), Azohydromonas sp., Flavobacterium (Flavobacterium) in the stage of the experiment was the dominant strain. (3) of artificial plants in Zhao Niuhe artificial wetland removal efficiency of pollutants were studied in.2014 artificial plants of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rates were 38.5%, 16.1% and 18.2%, the average concentration of DO increased by 13.9% in 2015; artificial plants of COD, the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were increased by more than in 2014 15.7%, 2.1% and 1.1%, the average concentration of DO increased by 11% in 2016; artificial plants of COD, the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen than in 2015 increased by 8.1%, 9.3% and 11.9%, the average concentration of DO was increased by 21.3%. artificial aquatic biofilm also detected yellow Although the relative abundance of Flavobacterium, Methylotenera and Acinetobacter (Acinetobacter) is not high, they can also interact with indoor experiments.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X173;X522

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