论我国噪声污染防治制度的完善

发布时间：2018-01-07 12:12

本文关键词：论我国噪声污染防治制度的完善　出处：《烟台大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：虽然我国的环境噪声污染防治工作起步较早,但噪声污染治理状况依然不容乐观,原因主要存在于以下方面。从立法上来说,虽然我国的环境立法体系已经基本形成,但法律的内容却并不完善。例如,《环境保护法》中虽然规定了公众参与制度,但对公众参与的途径、程序、应有的权利等却未提及,导致公民在参与过程中无据可循。《噪声污染防治法》中虽然规定建筑施工需要夜间作业的,须公告附近的居民,但并未说如果侵害居民的权益应如何补偿或赔偿。执法上,存在多头管理、相互推诿的现象。公安、交通、铁路、民航等部门都有权监管噪声污染,但在存在职权交叉的情况下没有规定解决的办法,没有一个统一的协调机构。司法上,公民运用法律保护自己环境权益的积极性不高,原因之一司法的权威和公信力未得到公众的认可,现实中因环境噪声污染侵权得到赔偿的案例实在少之又少。因此,针对上述原因,从立法、执法、司法等方面有针对性的提出解决措施势在必行。从立法上来说,需要进一步明确“噪声污染”的概念,使噪声污染的防治有据可循。其次,要赋予公民环境权,为公众参与奠定权利基础。再次,要不断完善噪声污染防治制度的管理体制,划分各环境保护行政主管部门的权责。最后,要明确噪声污染侵权的法律责任,丰富噪声污染责任的形式。从执法上来说,不但要提高执法人员的职业道德素质,还要提高执法人员的专业技能,促进执法手段的多样化。从司法上来说,要完善举证责任的分配,这是为了保障受害人的环境权益;建立明确的损害赔偿制度,这一方面体现了“污染者付费”原则,另一方面也是为了平衡双方当事人的利益。
[Abstract]:Although our country's environmental noise pollution prevention and control work started early, but the noise pollution control situation is still not optimistic, the reason mainly exists in the following aspects, from the legislative point of view. Although China's environmental legislation system has been basically formed, but the content of the law is not perfect. For example, although the "Environmental Protection Law" stipulates the system of public participation, but the way of public participation, procedures. However, the rights should not be mentioned, resulting in citizens in the process of participation can not be followed. Although the noise pollution Prevention Law provides that construction needs to be carried out at night, the residents in the vicinity must be notified. However, it is not said how to compensate or compensate for the infringement of the rights and interests of residents. In law enforcement, there is a phenomenon of multiple management and prevarication. Public security, traffic, railway, civil aviation and other departments have the right to supervise noise pollution. However, in the case of overlapping functions and powers, there is no prescribed solution, and there is no unified coordinating body. In the administration of justice, citizens are not highly motivated to use the law to protect their environmental rights and interests. One of the reasons for the authority and credibility of the judiciary has not been recognized by the public, in reality because of environmental noise pollution infringement compensation cases are very few. Therefore, in view of the above reasons, from legislation, law enforcement. It is imperative to put forward some measures to solve the problem in the aspects of judicature and so on. From the legislative point of view, it is necessary to further clarify the concept of "noise pollution" so that the prevention and control of noise pollution can be followed. Secondly, citizens should be given the right to environment. Third, it is necessary to continuously improve the management system of noise pollution prevention and control system, divide the powers and responsibilities of the administrative departments of environmental protection. Finally, it is necessary to clarify the legal liability of noise pollution infringement. Enrich the form of responsibility for noise pollution. In law enforcement, we should not only improve the quality of professional ethics of law enforcement personnel, but also improve the professional skills of law enforcement officials, promote the diversification of law enforcement methods. To improve the distribution of the burden of proof, this is to protect the environmental rights and interests of victims; Establishing a clear system of compensation for damages reflects the "polluter pays" principle on the one hand and balances the interests of both parties on the other.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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