基于黄河内蒙古河段的河岸带状况评估和水质模拟研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 09:10

本文关键词：基于黄河内蒙古河段的河岸带状况评估和水质模拟研究　出处：《青海大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展,不断加大水资源的利用量,对河流的不合理开发导致河流不断受到污染,进一步阻碍社会和经济的发展,河流健康概念由此得到更多的关注。论文以黄河内蒙古河段为例,通过研究国内外河流健康发展历程,结合河段水质数据,通过2015年野外调查和实地监测,开展黄河内蒙古河段河岸带状况与水质评估和水质模拟研究,并提出黄河内蒙段水环境治理对策。主要研究结果和内容如下:(1)河岸带状况评估。论文根据相关规范对黄河内蒙古河段进行了科学划分,以河岸带的稳定性、植被覆盖率以及人工干扰为调查指标,选取了石嘴山等17个监测点位进行现场踏勘和赋分计算,结合现场调查和遥感技术对河岸带植被覆盖度进行监测,对河段河岸带状况评估,结果显示,黄河内蒙-山西交界处和土右旗点位河岸带状况处于健康状态,其余监测点位都处于亚健康状态。(2)水质评估。以黄河内蒙古河段为例,分别采用河流健康评估导则和单因子指数法进行水质评估,结果显示基于地表水水环境质量标准的水质评价结果能够进一步确定水质污染超标因子,查找出污染源和污染物质,是对河流健康导则评估结果的完善。提出河流健康评估导则在河流水质评价的应用中结合河流河道、生态等实际特点、区域污染物排放情况以及河流流域的经济社会背景,对评估指标做进一步优化,科学、客观地对河流水质进行评价,从而进一步指导河流的开发利用。(3)复杂水环境水质预测。水环境系统具有较强的非线性和非确定性特征,以往的线性水质模型不能全面反映水环境系统变化。论文以黄河内蒙古河段为例,构建BP神经网络模型,以上游巴彦高勒、三湖河口和昭君坟断面水质数据预测下游头道拐断面水质数据。研究结果表明:BP神经网络模型可以很好地应用于黄河内蒙古河段水质预测,平均相对误差为5.66%,预测精度较高,为河段水环境治理、水质监测和控制污染提供借鉴意义。(4)根据黄河内蒙古河段河岸带状况和水质评估结果,提出应科学划定河岸带范围,减少人为因素干扰,保持河岸带生态系统完整性,控制面源污染,整治黄河内蒙古河段河岸带邻近陆域农业耕种现象。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, the utilization of water resources is increasing, and the unreasonable development of rivers leads to the continuous pollution of rivers, which further hinders the development of society and economy. Taking the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River as an example, the paper studies the healthy development of rivers at home and abroad, and combines the water quality data of the reach. Based on field investigation and field monitoring in 2015, the riverbank condition and water quality assessment and water quality simulation of Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River were carried out. The main research results and contents are as follows: 1) the evaluation of the riparian zone. The paper divides the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River scientifically according to the relevant norms. Based on the stability of riparian zone, vegetation coverage and artificial disturbance, 17 monitoring sites, such as Shizuishan, were selected for site survey and score calculation. Combined with field investigation and remote sensing technology, the vegetation coverage of riparian zone was monitored, and the condition of riparian zone was evaluated. The results showed that the condition of riparian zone at the junction of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi and the point of Tuyou Banner was in a healthy state. The other monitoring points were all in sub-health condition. The water quality assessment was carried out by using the river health assessment guideline and single factor index method, taking the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River as an example. The results show that the water quality evaluation based on the surface water quality standard can further determine the water quality pollution exceeding the standard factor and find out the pollution sources and pollutants. The application of river health assessment guidelines in river water quality assessment combined with the actual characteristics of river channel, ecology and so on. The regional pollutant discharge and the economic and social background of the river basin are further optimized to evaluate the river water quality scientifically and objectively. Thus the water quality prediction of complex water environment is further guided by the development and utilization of rivers. The water environment system has strong nonlinear and uncertain characteristics. The former linear water quality model can not fully reflect the changes of water environment system. This paper takes the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River as an example to construct BP neural network model to upstream Bayangol. The water quality data of Sanhu Estuary and Zhaojun Tombs are used to predict the water quality data of the lower reaches of the headway. The research results show that the water quality prediction model of the WBP neural network can be applied to the prediction of the water quality of the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River. The average relative error is 5.66, and the prediction accuracy is high, which can provide reference for water environment control, water quality monitoring and pollution control in the reach of the Yellow River. (4) according to the river bank condition and water quality evaluation results of the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River. It is suggested that the scope of riparian zone should be scientifically delimited, the disturbance of human factors should be reduced, the integrity of riparian ecosystem should be maintained, the pollution of non-point source should be controlled, and the phenomenon of agricultural cultivation in the land adjacent to riparian zone of Inner Mongolia reach of Yellow River
【学位授予单位】：青海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X824;X522

【相似文献】