喀斯特地表水生生态系统生物碳泵的碳汇和水环境改善效应

发布时间：2018-01-08 10:17

本文关键词：喀斯特地表水生生态系统生物碳泵的碳汇和水环境改善效应　出处：《科学通报》2017年30期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：碳汇研究是全球碳循环研究的重要内容.近年来,陆地水生生态系统的碳汇日益受到重视,被认为是"遗失碳汇"的重要组成部分.最新研究发现,碳酸盐风化碳汇占岩石风化碳汇的94%,因此,喀斯特地表水生生态系统的碳汇显得尤为重要.生物碳泵效应作为一种稳碳和固碳过程,是形成长期稳定碳酸盐风化碳汇的重要机制,是碳循环的重要环节.生物碳泵效应的核心控制元素是碳元素,该效应在富含溶解无机碳(DIC)的喀斯特地表水生生态系统中发挥着重要作用.目前生物碳泵效应的研究主要集中在两个方面:(1)内外源有机碳的区分是准确评价和计算生物碳泵效应碳汇的关键;(2)发现生物碳泵效应影响水环境指标和水质状况.未来,一方面应精确地对陆地水生生态系统碳汇量进行估算,研究不同气候和土地利用对碳汇量的影响;另一方面,揭示生物碳泵效应与水环境的相互作用机制.重点包括以下4个方面:(1)验证地表水生生态系统"元素比值控制假说";(2)生物碳泵效应对水体元素化学计量比的调控潜力;(3)形成不同碳汇机制(生物碳泵效应和富营养化机制)的根本原因;(4)生物碳泵效应通过物理-化学-生物耦合作用改善水环境的可能机制.最后,探究微生物碳泵效应应用于陆地水生生态系统的可能性.
[Abstract]:Carbon sequestration is an important part of global carbon cycle research. In recent years, carbon sinks of terrestrial aquatic ecosystems have been paid more and more attention, which is considered as an important part of "lost carbon sinks". Carbonate weathering carbon sink accounts for 94% of rock weathering carbon sink, so carbon sink of karst surface water ecosystem is particularly important. Biological carbon pump effect is a process of carbon stabilization and carbon sequestration. It is an important mechanism to form a long-term stable carbonate weathering carbon sink and an important link in the carbon cycle. The core controlling element of the biological carbon pump effect is the carbon element. This effect plays an important role in karst surface aquatic ecosystems rich in dissolved inorganic carbon (DICs). At present, the study of biological carbon pump effect is mainly focused on two aspects: 1). The distinction of internal and external organic carbon is the key to accurately evaluate and calculate the carbon sink of biological carbon pump effect. 2) it is found that biological carbon pump effect affects water environmental indexes and water quality. In the future, carbon sinks of terrestrial aquatic ecosystems should be estimated accurately and the effects of different climate and land use on carbon sinks should be studied. On the other hand, the mechanism of interaction between biological carbon pump effect and water environment is revealed. (2) the potential of biological carbon pump effect in regulating the stoichiometric ratio of elements in water; (3) the root causes of the formation of different carbon sink mechanisms (biological carbon pump effect and eutrophication mechanism); (4) the possible mechanism of biological carbon pump effect to improve water environment through physical-chemical-biological coupling. Finally, the possibility of applying microbial carbon pump effect to terrestrial aquatic ecosystem is explored.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金委员会-贵州喀斯特科学研究中心联合基金重大项目(U1612441) 国家自然科学基金(41430753) 国家重大科学研究计划(2013CB956700)资助
【分类号】：X143;X171
【正文快照】： 人类活动的影响,如化石燃料的燃烧、森林退化和工业排放,导致大气中的二氧化碳含量急剧增加.这不仅导致了温室效应,也引起全球碳循环的变化,同时,还影响着其他物质的循环过程,比如氮循环[1].为了充分地了解碳排放量增加对整个生态系统的影响,需要对碳的归趋有正确的认识.近年

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