建筑材料隐含环境影响评估

发布时间：2018-01-12 01:24

本文关键词：建筑材料隐含环境影响评估　出处：《环境科学研究》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：我国建筑业快速发展,建筑开发使用大量的建筑材料给资源和环境带来严重负荷.以上海市为案例,运用生命周期评价方法,基于北京工业大学和Ecoinvent数据库中的建筑材料生产数据,采用Re Ci Pe法对上海市建筑物的材料隐含环境影响进行评估,并对未来的环境影响潜值进行预测.结果表明:在上海市居住建筑和非居住建筑所产生的各类环境影响中人类毒性、金属损耗最为突出,约占总环境影响的45%和20%;环境影响主要来源于钢筋和木材的生产,对各类环境影响贡献度分别约为47%、17%;高层居住建筑和非居住建筑中的工厂建筑物化环境影响在各自类型中所占比例最高.按现有趋势发展,2020年上海市居住建筑开发规模和环境影响潜值均将达到2014年的1.52倍,非居住建筑则可达到2014年的1.14倍.针对上海市建筑材料环境影响分析结果,为有效减轻上海市建筑物的环境影响,需重点关注钢筋、铝材、木材以及混凝土的生产,识别生产过程中污染物转移环节进而改进工序;在设计阶段考虑选择环境影响负荷低的绿色建材,如混凝土砌块、高性能混凝土等,从而降低环境影响;同时,应重点关注隐含环境负荷高的高层居住和工厂建筑类建筑,通过降低建材使用量等方案降低环境影响.
[Abstract]:The rapid development of construction industry in China, the use of a large number of building materials to bring serious burden to the resources and environment. Shanghai as a case, the use of life cycle evaluation method. Based on the data of building materials production in Beijing University of Technology and Ecoinvent database, re Ci Pe method is used to evaluate the implicit environmental impact of building materials in Shanghai. The results show that metal loss is the most prominent in all kinds of environmental effects caused by residential and non-residential buildings in Shanghai. About 45% and 20% of the total environmental impact; The environmental impact mainly comes from the production of steel bar and wood, and the contribution to each kind of environmental impact is about 47% and 17% respectively. The environmental impact of factory buildings in high-rise residential buildings and non-residential buildings accounts for the highest proportion in their respective types and develops according to the current trend. In 2020, the development scale and environmental impact potential of residential buildings in Shanghai will reach 1.52 times that of 2014. Non-residential buildings can reach 1.14 times of 2014. According to the results of environmental impact analysis of building materials in Shanghai, in order to effectively reduce the environmental impact of buildings in Shanghai, it is necessary to focus on steel bars and aluminum materials. The production of wood and concrete, the identification of pollutant transfer in the production process, and then improve the process; In the design phase, green building materials with low environmental impact load, such as concrete blocks, high performance concrete, etc., are considered to reduce the environmental impact. At the same time, attention should be paid to high-rise residential and factory buildings with high environmental load, and to reduce the environmental impact by reducing the use of building materials.
【作者单位】：上海理工大学环境与建筑学院;上海理工大学环境与低碳科学研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(71403170)
【分类号】：X82
【正文快照】： 建筑活动是人类对自然资源、环境影响最大的活动之一[1].建筑过程使用的钢材(钢筋、钢板)、水泥、混凝土、砖块及木材等基础建筑材料均是高能耗、高污染的产品,建筑材料生产过程中的环境负荷在建筑物整体环境负荷中占有相当大的比例.自20世纪80年代初,国内外学者开始进行建筑L

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