北京市春夏季降水及其对大气环境的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 05:13

本文关键词：北京市春夏季降水及其对大气环境的影响研究　出处：《中国环境科学》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：通过采集北京市2015年春夏季大气降水和大气颗粒物样品,分析研究了大气降水的理化特性,时空变化特征,来源以及对大气颗粒物的影响.结果表明,北京市春夏季降水量主要集中于夏季,降水p H值在南城和北城分别为6.26和6.08,呈偏中性,均表现为春季大于夏季.降水中地壳元素Al和Fe含量较高,Ti、V和Ce含量较低.污染元素Ca和S含量最高,Na和Mg含量较高,Zn、Mn、Cu、Sr、Pb和Ni含量较低,其中Na、Mg、Sr和Ni呈现轻度富集,Ca、Mn和Pb呈现中度富集,Cu、Zn和S呈现严重富集.此外,降水中元素浓度具有显著的季节变化,二次污染元素S表现为夏季高于春季,而其它元素均表现为春季高于夏季;同时也具有较大的空间变化,除Pb元素外,均为南城高于北城.降水中化学组分主要来源于地面扬尘、建筑活动、燃煤、机动车尾气和工业排放.大气降水对大气颗粒物的去除率受降水强度以及前一天空气质量的影响较大,且对细颗粒物PM_(2.5)中污染元素Cu、Zn、Mn和Na清除效果显著,对粗颗粒物PM_(10)中地壳元素Al和建筑尘相关元素Mg和Ca去除效果明显.
[Abstract]:Through the acquisition of Beijing city in 2015 spring and summer precipitation and atmospheric particulate samples, physical and chemical characteristics of atmospheric precipitation in the study, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics, sources and effects of atmospheric particulates. The results show that the spring and summer precipitation in Beijing mainly concentrated in the summer, the precipitation of P H were 6.26 and 6.08 in Nancheng and north of the city, a partial neutral, were higher in spring than in summer. Higher crustal elements Al and Fe content in precipitation of Ti, V and Ce were low. The pollution elements Ca and S were the highest, higher content of Mg and Zn, Na, Mn, Cu, Sr, Pb and Ni were low, the Na. Mg, Sr and Ni showed slight enrichment, Ca, Mn and Pb showed moderate enrichment, Cu, Zn and S showed serious enrichment. In addition, with the precipitation of element concentration in seasonal variation. The two pollution elements S were higher in summer than in spring, while other elements were higher in spring than in summer; at the same time also has large The spatial variation, except Pb, were higher than Nancheng North City. The chemical group in precipitation mainly originated from soil dust, construction, coal, motor vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions. The precipitation of atmospheric particulates removal by precipitation intensity and the day before the air quality influence, and to fine particles PM_ (2.5) pollution elements Cu, Zn, Mn and Na removal effect of coarse particles of PM_ (10) Mg and Ca elements Al and related elements in the crust building dust removal effect is obvious.

【作者单位】：北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室;
【基金】：国家环保公益性行业科研专项(201409003) 国家留学基金委资助项目(201406545022) 北京市教委项目(PXM2016_014204_001029_00205967_FCG)
【分类号】：X16;X51
【正文快照】： *责任作者,副教授,hlh@bjut.edu.cn大气降水是大气颗粒物的汇,其化学组分因能间接反映大气污染的性质、程度和来源而受到国内外科学家的广泛关注.作为能反映大气污染的环境因子,北京市大气降水无疑已成为大气污染与控制的重要内容之一.早在10年前,就有学者对北京市大气降水进

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