长春市空气污染与呼吸系统和循环系统疾病急性发作的相关性研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 20:37

本文关键词：长春市空气污染与呼吸系统和循环系统疾病急性发作的相关性研究　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的:本研究旨在对长春市空气污染物分布特征进行描述,分析长春市四环以内城区的空气污染物与呼吸系统、循环系统急性病的相关性;探讨空气污染物短期暴露对人群健康的影响,为制定科学的预防控制策略提供参考依据。方法:本研究收集了2014-2015年长春市城区的急救数据、空气污染物监测数据和气象资料。经整理、逻辑检错后,分别建立数据库。采用描述性分析方法,对空气污染物、气象因素和急救中心接诊量分布状况进行分析,并采用spearman相关性分析方法探讨各类空气污染分布水平与气象因素、急救中心呼吸、循环疾病接诊量的相关性。并使用拟合COX模型,计算不同时段空气污染物对呼吸系统、循环系统急性发作疾病的滞后作用。结果:1.描述性分析结果显示,长春市2014-2015年急救中心呼吸、循环系统疾病急救接诊量呈增加趋势。64岁以上老年人在50%以上,女性病例略多于男性病例,寒季(1-3月及10-12月)病例高于暖季(4月-9月)。2.空气污染物的监测数据可以反映长春市区居民的空气污染暴露水平。存在空气质量污染(AQI100)的天数在不同时期所占比例不同,具有明显的季节性,其中,暖季占13%,寒季占52%,寒季空气质量较暖季要差。在不同季节,长春市空气污染程度存在显著差异,PM2.5、PM10、SO_2、CO、NO_2高峰主要集中在冬春季节,O_3季节性分布趋势与其相反,在夏秋季节出现小高峰。3.空气污染物对呼吸系统急性病滞后效应研究结果得出,PM2.5、PM10、SO_2、NO_2、O_3对64岁以上人群存在滞后效应;NO_2、SO_2对男性呼吸系统相关疾病存在滞后效应;各空气污染物对呼吸系统疾病急救总接诊量存在滞后效应,SO_2对肺炎存在滞后效应。4.空气污染物对循环系统急性病滞后效应的研究结果得出,各空气污染物对64岁以上人群组的滞后效应最为显著;SO_2、CO、NO_2、O_3对男性病例存在滞后效应,PM2.5、CO、NO_2、O_3对女性病例存在滞后效应;PM2.5、SO_2、CO、NO_2、O_3对循环系统急性病存在滞后效应,PM2.5、PM10、SO_2、CO对心脏病存在滞后效应,PM2.5、SO_2、CO、NO_2对高血压存在滞后效应,PM2.5、PM10、NO_2、O_3对心力衰竭存在滞后效应,PM10、CO对急性冠脉综合征存在滞后效应。结论:1.空气污染物与长春市急救中心呼吸系统、循环系统疾病急救接诊量存在一定相关性,随季节变化有所差异,冬春季节接诊量较高。2.空气污染物对呼吸系统、循环系统急性病存在滞后效应,不同病种、不同年龄、不同性别人群受到影响的污染物种类和最佳滞后期不同。3.老年人更易受空气污染物影响,易发生呼吸系统、循环系统急性病。
[Abstract]:Objective: the purpose of this study was to describe the distribution of air pollutants in Changchun, and to analyze the correlation between air pollutants and acute diseases of respiratory system and circulatory system. To explore the impact of short-term exposure to air pollutants on the health of the population to provide a reference for the formulation of scientific prevention and control strategies. Methods: this study collected the first aid data of Changchun City from 2014 to 2015. Monitoring data and meteorological data of air pollutants. After sorting out logical errors, the database is established separately. The air pollutants are analyzed by descriptive analysis method. The distribution of meteorological factors and the number of visits in emergency center were analyzed, and the distribution level of air pollution, meteorological factors and respiration in emergency center were analyzed by means of spearman correlation analysis. COX model was used to calculate the effects of air pollutants on respiratory system in different periods. The delayed effect of circulatory acute attack disease. Results: 1. Descriptive analysis showed that Changchun Respiratory Center in 2014-2015. The number of first-aid consultations for circulatory diseases is increasing. The number of elderly over 64 years old is more than 50%, and the number of female cases is slightly more than that of male cases. The number of cases in cold season was higher than that in warm season (April-September). The monitoring data of air pollutants can reflect the level of air pollution exposure of residents in Changchun. AQI100) the proportion of days in different periods is different. The air quality in cold season is worse than that in warm season. In different seasons, there are significant differences in air pollution degree between Changchun and Changchun. The peak of PM10 / SO2 / CONO2 is mainly concentrated in winter and spring seasons. There was a small peak in summer and autumn. The results of the study on the lag effect of air pollutants on acute respiratory diseases showed that PM2.5 / PM10 / so _ 2C _ 2C _ (2) no _ 2 were found. O _ 3 has a lag effect on the population over 64 years old; No _ 2 and so _ 2 have lag effect on male respiratory system related diseases. The lag effect of each air pollutant on the total first aid of respiratory system diseases was found. 4. The results of the study on the lag effect of air pollutants on acute diseases of circulatory system were obtained. The lag effect of air pollutants on people over 64 years old was the most significant. There is a hysteresis effect on male cases in the cases of COCOO _ 2 / O _ 3 and the hysteresis effect on female cases by PM2.5 / COO _ (2) / O _ (2) / C _ (2) / C _ (2) / O _ (3). There is a lag effect on acute circulatory diseases in the cases of PM2.5 / so _ 2C _ 2C _ 2 / O _ 3. PM2.5 / PM10 / so _ 2CO has a lag effect on heart disease. There is a lag effect of PM2.5 and PM10 on hypertension. There is a lag effect of PM2. 5 / PM10 / no _ 2O _ (3) in patients with heart failure (P / M _ (10)). Conclusion 1. There is a certain correlation between air pollutants and respiratory and circulatory system diseases first aid consultation in Changchun emergency center, and there are some differences with seasonal changes. 2. Air pollutants have lag effect on acute diseases of respiratory system and circulatory system, different kinds of diseases and different ages. The types of pollutants affected by different gender groups and the best lag time are different. 3. The elderly are more susceptible to air pollutants, respiratory system and acute circulatory diseases.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X51

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