上海城市标准化菜场用水调查评价及其污染防治对策

发布时间：2018-01-18 02:03

本文关键词：上海城市标准化菜场用水调查评价及其污染防治对策　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：菜市场是城市重要的基础服务设施。上海作为全国标准化菜场示范工程试点城市之一,截至到2014年底,已经建成标准化菜场827家,目前承担全市近80%的主副食品供应任务。上海标准化菜场的数量逐年增长,但是菜场的规划布局与环境管理仍然沿袭着旧的思维与模式。许多与新建居民小区相配套的标准化菜场,在投入使用后不久就垃圾遍地,污水横流,散发着难闻的气味,其环境污染问题日渐突出,已经成为广大市民关注的热点。本文依托教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"节水型社会建设研究"(11JZD024),针对上海标准化菜场用水量较大、用水定额缺乏、污水种类较多、污水处理设施不完善、固体废弃物产量较大、固体废弃物回收利用率较低等环境问题,通过实验检测、对比分析以及SPSS数理统计分析等方法,分别于2016年的6月份和12月份实地调研了上海20家标准化菜场当月的用水量;对齐河路菜场、古蓉菜场、云莲菜场、曲阳菜场、长风集贸市场、虹六菜场水产区用水、地面清洁用水、餐饮区用水3种不同用水类型的用水量进行了调查;采集标准化菜场的水产养殖废水、地面冲洗废水以及水产宰杀洗涤污水水样,实验检测其氨氮、COD、BOD5、SS四项指标浓度,分析菜场的污水水质;实地调研上海标准化菜场的固体废弃物产量、固体废弃物产污当量、固体废弃物收集方式以及固体废弃物的处理处置过程,分析评价上海标准化菜场的固体废弃物污染情况;从改造节水技术、制定用水定额、环保配套设施建设纳入规划布局、健全星级评定机制、公众参与等角度考虑,探讨了上海标准化菜场的节水与污染防治对策,以期为上海标准化菜场用水定额的制定提供相关依据,为上海及其它地区标准化菜场的节水和环境污染治理工作提供参考,对于解决当前市民关心的菜场环境污染问题具有一定的现实意义。论文的主要研究结论如下:(1)上海标准化菜场用水现状:①用水水价不一,少数菜场水价执行居民水价标准;②不同用水类型的用水量差异明显,水产区用水占比约1/2,是菜场最主要的用水大户,地面清洁用水量次之,餐饮区用水量较少;③调研的20家标准化菜场6月的平均用水量为912m3,12月的平均用水量约705m3,6月平均用水量比12月多将近30%,季节性差异显著;④标准化菜场月均用水量与菜场面积显著正相关,与菜场星级相关性不明显。(2)上海标准化菜场用水总量估算:调研的20家标准化菜场2016年的月均用水量取平均值为808.5m3/月,截至到2014年底,上海标准化菜场共约827家,初步估算得出上海标准化菜场2016年的用水量约为801.9万m3,进一步估算得出上海标准化菜场用水量约为25.6LL/(m2·d),这一数值可以为今后上海标准化菜场用水定额标准的制定提供相关依据,为标准化菜场的节水管理提供一定的参考。(3)上海标准化菜场污水水质:①从地表水环境质量V类水标准来看,水产养殖废水COD、BOD5超标;②从地表水环境质量V类水标准来看,地面冲洗废水氨氮、COD、BOD5均超标;③从上海市污水排入城镇下水道水质标准来看,水产宰杀洗涤污水COD超标,从地表水环境质量V类水标准来看,水产宰杀洗涤污水氨氮、COD、BOD5均超标。(4)上海标准化菜场固废污染情况:①上海标准化菜场2016年6月份的日均固废产量高于12月份;②日均固废产量与面积显著正相关,与星级相关性不明显;③从菜场规模来看,小型标准化菜场固废产污治理更有效;④75%的标准化菜场采用干湿分离的方式收集菜场垃圾,20%的标准化菜场采用可回收、不可回收的标准收集菜场垃圾,5%的标准化菜场垃圾混合收集;⑤菜场固体垃圾的处理处置:塑料制品填埋,厨余垃圾焚烧,果皮菜叶堆肥处理。
[Abstract]:The market is an important infrastructure of city services. One of the farms of Shanghai as the national standardization demonstration project pilot city, by the end of 2014, has built 827 standardized farms, currently bear the main food supply almost 80% of the city. The number of Shanghai standardized farms by years of growth, but the planning and environmental management in the food market still follow the old pattern of thinking and standardized farms. Many new residential areas matching, after putting into use soon garbage everywhere, open sewers, smelt, the environmental pollution problems have become increasingly prominent, has become the focus of public attention. Research on water-saving society construction based on the Ministry of Education research key projects of philosophy and Social Sciences "(11JZD024), according to the Shanghai standardized farms with large amount of water, lack of water quota, sewage type more, sewage treatment The imperfect infrastructure, solid waste recycling of solid waste in large quantities, low rate of environmental problems, through experimental testing, comparative analysis and SPSS statistical method, respectively in 2016 June and December survey of Shanghai 20 standardized farms monthly water consumption; on Qihe Road market, Gu Rong farms, cloud Quyang Changfeng lotus farms, farms, markets, water Hong six farms aquaculture area, ground water to clean water, dining area of 3 different types of water consumption were investigated; aquaculture wastewater collection standardized farms, ground water and aquatic slaughter washing sewage water samples, test the ammonia nitrogen, COD, BOD5 SS, four indicators of concentration, water quality analysis of sewage farms; a survey of the Shanghai standardized farms solid waste production, solid waste pollution equivalent, solid waste collection and Disposal of solid waste, solid waste pollution analysis and evaluation of Shanghai standardized farms; from the transformation of water-saving technologies, making water quota, environmental protection facilities into the planning layout, improve the star rating mechanism, public participation and other point of view, discusses the water saving and pollution prevention countermeasures of Shanghai standardized farms, in order to provide on the basis of relevant quota for the Shanghai standardized farms provide water, water saving and environmental pollution control work for standardized farms in Shanghai and other areas, has practical significance to solve the environmental pollution problem of the current market of public concern. The main conclusions of this thesis are as follows: (1) Shanghai standardized farms: water status water price is not the same, a few farms price execution residents tariff standards; the different water types with water differences, aquatic products accounted for about 1 of the water /2, the market is the main ground water, clean water time, less water consumption and dining area; 20 standard the research of the market in June the average water consumption for the average 912m3,12 month for about 705m3,6 months, the average water consumption of nearly 30% more than in December, seasonal difference is significant; standardized the market average monthly water consumption and the market is positively related with the market Star area, the correlation was not obvious. (2) estimated Shanghai standardized farms total water: 20 standard of farms in 2016 the average monthly water consumption averaged for 808.5m3/ months, by the end of 2014, Shanghai standardized farms a total of about 827. Preliminary estimates of Shanghai standardized farms in 2016 for about 8 million 19 thousand M3, further estimated Shanghai standardized farms with content of about 25.6LL/ (M2 - D), the value can be fixed standard for future Shanghai standardized farms water. For the basis, to provide a reference for water-saving management standardized farms. (3) Shanghai standardized farms sewage water quality: from the surface water environmental quality standard class V water, aquaculture wastewater COD, BOD5 exceed the standard; from the surface water environmental quality standard class V water, ground washing wastewater, COD and BOD5 are from the Shanghai City exceed the standard; sewage discharged into urban sewer water quality standards, aquaculture slaughter washing wastewater from COD exceed the standard, the environmental quality of surface water class V water standards, aquaculture slaughter Washing Wastewater Ammonia Nitrogen, COD, BOD5 all exceed the standard. (4) of the market situation of Shanghai pollution standard: Shanghai standardized farms in 2016 June the average daily output of solid waste is higher than in December; significant positive correlation with the average daily production area of solid waste, and no obvious relationship between the star; from the market scale, small standardized farms waste pollution control more effectively; the standard 75% The market by the separation of dry and wet garbage collection farms, standardized farms by 20% Recyclable, Unrecyclable standard collection of 5% farms waste, standardized farms waste mixed collection; disposal of solid waste: the market of plastic products of kitchen waste landfill, incineration, composting leaves peel.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X799.3

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