酸性物质对猪粪秸秆堆肥过程中氮素转化的影响

发布时间：2018-01-19 08:15

本文关键词： 磷肥腐烂苹果食用醋堆肥氮素转化　出处：《环境科学》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：了解不同酸性物质对堆肥过程中氮素转化和NH_3排放的影响,是筛选保氮添加剂的重要环节,对于堆肥中氮素控制具有重要意义.以新鲜猪粪和小麦秸秆为堆肥原料,磷肥、腐烂苹果和食用醋为添加剂,在实验室进行40 d的静态高温堆肥试验,研究堆肥过程中温度、pH、EC、GI、氮素化合物和TOC含量的变化特征.结果表明,CK、P、A和V这4个处理高温期(50℃)均持续了10 d以上,达到高温堆肥化卫生标准.添加磷肥延缓了堆体进入高温期的时间,降低了堆体的pH值,使整个过程的EC值保持较高水平.各处理氮素损失分别为53.1%、36.2%、46.5%和41.5%,主要集中在0~16 d之间,而P和V处理在16~24 d之间仍有20%左右的氮素损失.其中NH_3-N损失占氮素损失的26.0%、11.8%、21.5%和20.2%.添加酸性物质有效降低了堆肥的氮素和NH_3-N损失,其中以添加磷肥效果最好.堆肥结束时,各处理GI均达到80%以上,达到了腐熟的要求.
[Abstract]:Understanding the effects of different acidic substances on nitrogen conversion and NH_3 emission in composting process is an important step in screening nitrogen-preserving additives. Taking fresh pig manure and wheat straw as compost raw materials, phosphorus fertilizer, rotten apple and edible vinegar as additives, the static high-temperature composting experiment was carried out in the laboratory for 40 days. The change characteristics of the contents of temperature, nitrogen compounds and TOC during composting were studied. The four treatments (A and V) lasted more than 10 days and reached the hygienic standard of composting at high temperature. The addition of phosphorus fertilizer delayed the time of entering the high temperature period and reduced the pH value of the heap. The EC value of the whole process was kept at a high level. The nitrogen loss of each treatment was 53.1% and 41.5%, mainly between 0 and 16 days. The nitrogen loss of P and V treatments was still about 20% within 24 days, and the loss of NH_3-N accounted for 26.0% and 11.8% of the nitrogen loss. The nitrogen and NH_3-N loss of compost was reduced effectively by adding acidic substances, among which phosphorus fertilizer was the best. At the end of composting, the GI of each treatment was more than 80%. It has reached the requirement of rotting.
【作者单位】：河南师范大学环境学院黄淮水环境与污染防治教育部重点实验室河南省环境污染控制重点实验室;
【基金】：河南省高等学校重点科研计划项目(17A610006) 河南师范大学博士科研启动课题项目(5101219170112)
【分类号】：S141.4;X71
【正文快照】： 有研究表明畜禽粪便高温堆肥氮素损失范围为16%~74%,平均为40%左右[1],其中氨挥发是氮素损失的主要途径,可高达44%~99%[2].氨气(NH3)排放不仅造成氮素损失降低堆肥品质,而且对大气中气溶胶的形成及参与二次反应形成细颗粒物(PM2.5)有重要贡献[3],还可部分转化为N2O,造成间接温

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