云南民用燃料燃烧大气颗粒物及气态有机物排放特征研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 00:02

本文关键词： 民用燃料无机元素水溶性离子 PAHs 气固分配 VOCs　出处：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民用燃料一般指的是煤,木柴和秸秆等燃料。由于这些燃料成本较低,容易获得,因此在云南省很多农村地区是以这些固体燃料作为生活中主要燃料。然而由于燃烧条件差,燃烧效率较低,同时没有处理设备导致污染物排放量大,对人体有严重健康影响。而目前在我国针对民用燃料燃烧排放特征以及排放估算的研究较少。尤其云南省大部分地区海拔1500～2000米,气压比平原地区低,氧气稀薄,会造成燃烧源排放颗粒物一些组分含量以及PAHs气固分配与平原地区的差异。本研究选取了云南省典型蜂窝煤和木柴进行室内模拟燃烧试验,获得了云南省大气颗粒物以及气态污染物的排放因子,并分析了各类大气污染物的组成特征,得到如下结论:(1)蜂窝煤明烧和闷烧排放颗粒物的排放因子分别为0.67±0.11g/kg和0.94±0.20g/kg。而木柴中颗粒物的排放因子为2.02±0.64g/kg。PM1仍是占比最大,且占到总颗粒物的50%以上。(2)蜂窝煤明烧和闷烧排放颗粒物中,元素排放因子较高的均为:Al、Ti、Fe、Ca、Si、Zn、Pb、K、Mg、Na,其范围为 0.22～15.17mg/kg。在木柴燃烧排放大气颗粒物中,元素排放因子最高的10种元素为:Si、Ti、Fe、Al、K、Mg、Ca、Sb、Na、Ba,其范围为 0.87～177.95mg/kg。(3)由于木柴中氮元素含量较高,而蜂窝煤中硫元素含量较高,从而造成蜂窝煤燃烧排放颗粒物中SO42-比重比木柴中的要高,而木柴燃烧比蜂窝煤排放更多的NO3-。由于闷烧过程中氧含量较低,燃烧效率低,造成蜂窝煤闷烧排放的颗粒物中SO42-的占比比明烧状态下的排放要高。而蜂窝煤明烧则会比闷烧排放更多的NO3-。(4)蜂窝煤明烧和闷烧排放的16种PAHs的总排放因子分别为4.42±0.75mg/kg和6.01 ± 1.37mg/kg。木柴燃烧排放的16种PAHs的总排放因子为8.45±1.41mg/kg,比蜂窝煤燃烧PAHs的排放因子明显要高。而PM1中含有大部分颗粒态PAHs,占颗粒态总PAHs的70%～90%,其中分子量较大的PAHs更容易富集在细颗粒物中。(5)而与前人研究相比,本研究中颗粒态PAHs的占比相对较高,或许是因为云南地区低压低氧的环境造成民用燃料的不完全燃烧,从而使得更多的PAHs包裹在颗粒物中排放到烟气中,使得本研究中民用燃料燃烧排放颗粒态PAHs占比较平原地区高。(6)蜂窝煤明烧排放的总VOCs的排放因子为8.34±1.20mg/kg;闷烧排放的总VOCs的排放因子为10.79±5.65mg/kg。木柴燃烧排放的总VOCs的排放因子为 9.98±2.43mg/kg。(7)木柴燃烧排放VOCs的臭氧生成潜势较高,而云南地区存在大量的民用木柴现象,因此研究云南地区臭氧污染来源时,应考虑木柴燃烧的贡献。
[Abstract]:Civilian fuels generally refer to fuels such as coal, firewood and straw, which are easily available because of their low cost. Therefore, in many rural areas of Yunnan Province, these solid fuels are used as the main fuel in daily life. However, because of the poor combustion conditions, the combustion efficiency is low, and the lack of treatment equipment leads to large emissions of pollutants. There are serious health effects on human body. However, there are few researches on fuel combustion emission characteristics and emission estimation in China, especially in most areas of Yunnan Province, at an altitude of 1 500 ~ 2 000 meters above sea level. The air pressure is lower than the plain area, the oxygen is thin. Some components of particulate matter emitted from combustion source and the difference between PAHs gas and solid distribution in plain area will be caused. In this study, typical honeycomb coal and firewood from Yunnan Province were selected for indoor simulated combustion test. The emission factors of atmospheric particulates and gaseous pollutants in Yunnan Province were obtained, and the composition characteristics of all kinds of atmospheric pollutants were analyzed. Get the following conclusion: 1). The emission factors of particulate matter from beehive coal were 0.67 卤0.11g / kg and 0.94 卤0.20g / kg, respectively, and the emission factors of particles from firewood were 2.02 卤0.6, respectively. 4g / kg 路PM1 is still the largest proportion. The higher emission factors of the particles from beehive briquette from bright burning and smoldering are all the K ~ (2 +) K ~ (2 +) -Al _ (1) Al ~ (2 +) Fe ~ (2 +) Fe ~ (2 +) ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (2)). The range of Na is 0.22 ~ 15.17 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-1). The 10 elements with the highest emission factor of atmospheric particulate matter from firewood combustion are: 1. The content of nitrogen in firewood is high, and the content of sulfur in honeycomb coal is higher than that in honeycomb coal because of the higher nitrogen content in firewood and the higher content of sulfur in beehive coal because of the high nitrogen content in firewood and the range of 0.87 ~ 177.95 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-3) 路g ~ (-3). As a result, the proportion of so _ 4 _ 2-- in the particulates emitted from the combustion of honeycomb coal is higher than that in the firewood, and the burning of firewood has more no _ 3-emissions than that of the briquette. Because of the low oxygen content in the combustion process, the combustion efficiency is low. The proportion of so _ 4 ~ (-) in particulate matter that causes beehive coal smoldering is higher than that in open burning, and the ratio of no _ 3 ~ (-) ~ (4) in beehive coal is more than that in smoldering.). The total emission factors of 16 PAHs from honeycomb briquette were 4.42 卤0.75 mg / kg and 6.01 卤6.01 卤0.75 mg / kg, respectively. The total emission factor of 16 PAHs from firewood combustion was 8.45 卤1.41 mg / kg. The emission factor of PAHs in honeycomb coal combustion is obviously higher than that in honeycomb coal combustion, and the PM1 contains most of the granular PAHs, accounting for 70% of the total granular PAHs. PAHs with higher molecular weight is easier to be enriched in fine particles. Compared with previous studies, the proportion of granular PAHs in this study is relatively high. Perhaps it is because the low pressure and low oxygen environment in Yunnan Province causes the incomplete combustion of civil fuel, which causes more PAHs to be trapped in the particulate matter and emitted into the smoke. In this study, the particulate PAHs emission from the combustion of civil fuel accounted for 8.34 卤1.20 mg / kg of total VOCs emission from honeycomb coal. The emission factor of total VOCs from combustion is 10.79 卤5.65 mg / kg. The emission factor of total VOCs from firewood combustion is 9.98 卤2.43 mg / kg 路hm ~ (7). The ozone formation potential of VOCs from firewood combustion is high. However, there is a large number of civil firewood in Yunnan, so the contribution of firewood combustion should be considered when studying the sources of ozone pollution in Yunnan.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X513;X701

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