生态塘对稻田降雨径流中氮磷的拦截效应研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 01:11

本文关键词： 稻田生态塘氮磷降雨径流垂向分层拦截效应　出处：《水利学报》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：农田养分的大量流失已成为农业面源污染的主要来源之一,生态塘兼具排水和生态湿地双重功效,研究其对稻田排水氮磷的拦截效应对于防治农业非点源污染具有重要意义。针对降雨径流条件下生态塘对降雨径流中氮磷的动态拦截效应以及降雨径流结束后氮磷在静水中的去除效应有待明了的需求,本文选取太湖西岸何家浜流域典型农田作为研究对象,并将该区域的塘堰改造为生态塘,研究了生态塘对水稻生长期内的三场降雨径流氮磷的拦截去除效果及降雨径流结束后氮磷在静水中的去除效应。研究结果表明:(1)在三场降雨过程中,生态塘对总氮(TN)的平均去除率为34.7%,总磷(TP)的平均去除率为34.8%;(2)生态塘对降雨径流中不同形态氮磷的去除率大小排序为氨氮(NH_4~+-N)颗粒态氮(PN)硝态氮(NO_3~--N),颗粒态磷(PP)溶解态磷(DP),且径流状态下水体垂向分层氮磷浓度分布随降雨进行而变化,总体分布规律为底层氮磷浓度大于表层氮磷浓度;(3)降雨径流结束后,TN在生态塘中的去除率为50.4%,TP在生态塘中的去除率为52.3%,塘2对TN、TP的去除率大于塘1与塘3,生态塘表现了较强的抗冲击自修复性。
[Abstract]:The loss of farmland nutrients has become one of the main sources of agricultural non-point source pollution, ecological ponds have both drainage and ecological wetland functions. It is important to study the interception effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy field drainage for preventing and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution. The dynamic interception effect of ecological pond on nitrogen and phosphorus in rainfall runoff and nitrogen after rainfall runoff are studied. The removal effect of phosphorus in still water needs to be understood. In this paper, the typical farmland in the Hejiabang basin on the west coast of Taihu Lake is selected as the research object, and the pond and Weir in this area are transformed into ecological ponds. The interception and removal effects of ecological ponds on nitrogen and phosphorus in three rainfall runoff during rice growing period and nitrogen and phosphorus removal in still water after rainfall runoff were studied. The results showed that: 1) during three rainfall periods. The average removal rate of TNN was 34.7in the ecological pond, and the average removal rate of TPTP was 34.8in the ecological pond. (2) the removal rate of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus from rainfall runoff by ecological pond is in the order of NH _ 4- N _ 4 ~ -N) particle nitrogen (PN), no _ 3 ~ (-N) N _ (no _ 3-N). The distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in vertical stratified layer of water changed with rainfall under the condition of runoff, and the overall distribution rule was that the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the bottom layer was higher than that in the surface layer. The removal rate of TN in the ecological pond was 50.4 and the removal rate of TP in the ecological pond was 52.3.The removal rate of TNT in pond 2 was higher than that in pond 1 and pond 3. The ecological pond showed strong anti-impact self-repair.
【作者单位】：天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室;天津大学环境科学与工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金(51621092) 水体污染控制与治理国家科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-008) 天津市应用基础与前沿技术研究计划(16JCYBJC23100)
【分类号】：X71;S511
【正文快照】： 1研究背景近年来,随着水体富营养化形势的加剧,有效防治农田面源污染、修复水体环境的技术已成为研究热点[1]。农田不合理的灌溉排水和施肥是引起面源污染和水体富营养化的主要原因,如何有效防治农田面源污染、修复水环境是目前亟待解决的问题[2]。河道附近的塘堰作为农田与水

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