2016年武汉市渍水水质变化过程监测与分析

发布时间：2018-01-21 03:47

  本文关键词： 渍水 健康危害评估 发光细菌法　出处：《卫生研究》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的对城市渍水理化指标、微生物指标及生物综合毒性进行持续监测。方法以武汉市洪山区的南湖雅园、板桥社区和新洲区的新湖村作为渍水社区监测点,同时选择与渍水区相邻的南湖、野芷湖、沙河作为地表水监测点,持续监测渍水中理化指标、微生物指标及生物综合毒性。采用非参数检验进行浓度分布差异分析。结果城市渍水感官性状指标普遍不佳,且随渍水时间延长逐渐恶化。一般化学指标中,p H值渍水初期处于较高水平并随时间逐渐降低;高锰酸盐指数(耗氧量)一直维持在较高水平(3.83~8.16 mg/L);亚硝酸盐氮渍水初期随时间逐步升高,在2~3天的平台期后随时间逐步降低;渍水中氯化物含量与对应地表水中氯化物相关。毒理学指标(砷、铅、汞)未检出。微生物指标中粪大肠菌群检出率为47%,未检出致病性病原微生物(大肠杆菌O157、霍乱弧菌、志贺菌、沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌)及轮状病毒、诺如病毒。渍水水样对发光细菌(费希尔弧菌)的发光强度抑制率低于30%。结论武汉市渍水存在感官性状指标恶劣及有机污染、人畜粪便污染的现象,但是渍水灾区居民通过皮肤暴露或呼吸道暴露导致健康危害的风险较小。渍水消退后,渍水小区内、外环境只需进行常规预防性消毒即可保障安全;发光细菌法检测结果与毒理学指标检测结果一致性较好。
[Abstract]:Objective to continuously monitor the physicochemical index, microbial index and biological comprehensive toxicity of urban waterlogging. Methods Nanhu Yayuan, Banqiao Community and Xinhu Village in Hongshan District of Wuhan City were used as the monitoring points of waterlogging community. At the same time, Nanhu Lake, Yezhi Lake and Shahe River, which are adjacent to waterlogging area, are selected as surface water monitoring points to continuously monitor the physical and chemical indexes of waterlogging. Non-parametric test was used to analyze the difference of concentration distribution. Results the sensory characteristics of urban waterlogging were generally poor and deteriorated gradually with the extension of waterlogging time. The pH value of waterlogging was at a higher level at the beginning of waterlogging and gradually decreased with time. The permanganate index (oxygen consumption) has been maintained at a high level of 3.83 ~ 8.16 mg / L ~ (-1); Nitrite nitrogen increased gradually at the beginning of the waterlogging period, and decreased gradually with the time after the platform period of 2 ~ 3 days. The content of chloride in waterlogging water was related to the chlorides in surface water. The toxicological index (arsenic, lead, mercury) was not detected. The detection rate of fecal coliform bacteria in microbial index was 47%. No pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli O157, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus) and rotavirus were detected. The inhibition rate of luminous intensity on luminescent bacteria (Vibrio Fischer) in waterlogging water samples was lower than 30. Conclusion the phenomenon of poor sensory characteristics and organic pollution and pollution of human and animal feces exists in waterlogging in Wuhan. However, the risk of health hazard caused by skin exposure or respiratory tract exposure of residents in waterlogging disaster area is relatively small. After waterlogging recedes, only routine preventive disinfection is needed to ensure safety in waterlogging area. The result of luminescent bacteria method is consistent with that of toxicology index.
【作者单位】： 武汉市疾病预防控制中心;
【分类号】：X832
【正文快照】： 2016年湖北武汉遭遇特大洪水,其间又连续发生多轮强降雨,导致农村地区堤坝溃口、中心城区积水无处排放,武汉市城乡均出现了渍水多日不退的情况。渍水现象在全国各地强降水发生后均有出现,由于持续时间短,并未引起学术界对其健康影响研究的重视。但是本次洪涝灾害期间,武汉市渍，

本文编号：1450367