充气复氧条件下微生物与植物残体添加对黑臭水体净化效果的比较分析

发布时间：2018-01-23 07:59

本文关键词： 黑臭污水治理充气微生物植物腐烂溶解氧　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水体黑臭是水体有机污染的一种极端现象,是对水体极端污染状态的一种描述,大多集中在城市范围内的河道与湖泊中,严重威胁湖泊自身生态系统健康和周边居民的饮用水安全。黑臭水体的治理成为一个亟待解决的问题,找寻简单有效的治理方案至关重要。国内外水质生态修复的方法一般分为有物理方法、化学方法和生物-生态技术,其中人工曝气是施用灵活且得到诸多实践运用的物理方法,化学方法一般作为应急措施,生物-生态技术的核心作用是微生物分解或转化作用与水生植物生长转移富集营养物质,但是前人多集中于微生物与水生植物对水体产生的正向效应,对于微生物野外施用效果不稳定及水生植物残体的非物理手段处理研究不充分。本文对充气复氧处理,投放环境微生物以及打捞植物残体这几种处理方法的交叉使用效果进行了比较研究。实验以芦苇作为植物残体材料,选用TN浓度为21.35±1.25mg/L、TP浓度为7.99±0.57mg/L的黑臭水体,研究充气条件下,微生物与植物残体添加对黑臭水体的处理效果,实验时间20d。处理方式分为充气条件下的空白组(IA-0)、添加微生物(IA-M)、添加植物残体(IA-P),添加微生物及植物残体(IA-PM),与非充气条件下的对应处理组:NA-0、NA-M、NA-P、NA-PM。结果发现:(1)IA各组的TN浓度平均为3.85mg/L,TP平均为0.84mg/L,显著低于NA各组的平均7.91mg/L与3.15mg/L,充气条件可以显著降低水体中TN与TP的浓度;(2)NA-P组的TP为3.57mg/L,显著高于NA-0组的TP(1.91mg/L),NA-P组的ITN浓度也高于NA-0但不显著;NA-PM组的TN为9.67mg/L,高于NA-P组,TP为3.55mg/L,与NA-P组基本持平;IA-P组的TN与TP为4mg/L与0.62mg/L,显著降低于NA-P组;IA-P组的TN、TP浓度与IA-0组无显著差异。研究结果显示,水体中存在植物残体会使水体中TN、TP浓度升高;如果系统内溶解氧含量较低且有机质丰富,直接使用微生物不能降低水体营养盐浓度反而会使浓度升高;充气可以降低植物腐烂对水质的影响,显著降低水体中的营养盐浓度;(3)NA-M组的TN与TP浓度分别为5.73mg/L与3.57mg/L,对比 NA-O 组的 TN(7.53mg/L)与 TP(1.91mg/L),TN 浓度降低,TP浓度升高。没有产生预期中水体中的营养盐浓度都显著降低的效果;IA-M组的TN与TP为3mg/L与0.51mg/L显著低于NA-M组;与IA-0组比较,IA-M组的TN、TP去除率从82.2%、91%上升至86.7%、93.9%。说明,好氧条件下微生物可以显著降低水体TN、TP指标,充气复氧叠加添加微生物处理相比于充气复氧的处理效果,水体中TN、TP等水质指标的浓度更低。
[Abstract]:Black and smelly water is an extreme phenomenon of organic pollution of water body. It is a description of the extreme pollution state of water body. It is mostly concentrated in the river and lake in the city scope. It is a serious threat to the health of the lake ecosystem and the drinking water safety of the surrounding residents. The treatment of the black and smelly water becomes an urgent problem to be solved. It is very important to find simple and effective treatment schemes. The methods of ecological restoration of water quality at home and abroad are generally divided into physical method, chemical method and bio-ecological technology. Artificial aeration is a kind of physical method which is used flexibly and has been used in practice. Chemical method is generally used as an emergency measure. The core role of bio-ecological technology is the decomposition or transformation of microorganisms and the transfer of aquatic plants to enrich nutrients, but most of the previous people concentrated on the positive effects of microorganisms and aquatic plants on the water body. The effect of microbial field application is unstable and the non-physical treatment of aquatic plant residues is not sufficient. This paper deals with aerated reoxygenation treatment. The cross application effects of environmental microorganism and salvage plant residue were compared. Reed was used as the material of plant residue. The black and smelly water with TN concentration of 21.35 卤1.25 mg / L and TP concentration of 7.99 卤0.57 mg / L was used to study the condition of aeration. The treatment effect of microorganism and plant residue on black and smelly water was 20 days. The treatment method was divided into blank group (IA-0) and microorganism (IA-M) under the condition of aeration. The addition of IA-PU, microorganism and plant residue IA-PMN was compared with that of the corresponding treatment group under non-aerated condition: 1. NA-0 and NA-MN NA-P. The results of NA-PM.The results showed that the average TN concentration of each group was 3.85 mg 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) mg 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) mg 路L ~ (-1). The concentrations of TN and TP were significantly lower than those of na groups (7.91 mg / L and 3.15 mg / L). The TP of NA-P group was 3.57 mg / L, which was significantly higher than that of NA-0 group (1.91 mg / L), and the ITN concentration of NA-P group was also higher than that of NA-0 group. The TN of NA-PM group was 9.67 mg / L, which was higher than that of NA-P group (3.55 mg / L), which was almost the same as that of NA-P group. The TN and TP of IA-P group were 4mg / L and 0.62mg / L, which were significantly lower than those of NA-P group. There was no significant difference between IA-P group and IA-0 group. If the dissolved oxygen content in the system is low and the organic matter is abundant, the direct use of microorganisms can not reduce the concentration of nutrients in the water body, but will make the concentration increase. Aeration can reduce the effect of plant decay on water quality and significantly reduce the concentration of nutrients in water. The concentrations of TN and TP in the NA-M group were 5.73 mg / L and 3.57 mg / L, respectively. The concentrations of TNN 7.53 mg / L and TPN 1.91 mg / L in NA-O group were lower than those in NA-O group. The increase of TP concentration did not produce the expected effect of significant decrease of nutrient concentration in water. TN and TP in IA-M group were significantly lower than those in NA-M group. Compared with IA-0 group, the removal rate of TNT in IA-M group increased from 82. 2% to 86. 7% and 93. 9%, indicating that microorganisms can significantly reduce TN in water body under aerobic condition. Compared with the treatment of aerated reoxygenation, the concentration of water quality indexes such as TNT TP was lower than that of aerated reoxygenation.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X52;X17

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