水生动植物及其组合对富营养化园林水体净化效应研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 13:42

本文关键词： 水生动植物生物质焦富营养化园林水体水质净化　出处：《仲恺农业工程学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：园林水景日益普及,但园林水景维护中常面临繁琐的除尘、除蚊虫、除藻、植物养护等工作,加之水景维护与水质保持费用高及技术难等因素,大量水体成为一潭死水,甚至干脆排干。鉴于目前水景建造多以水生草本植物为主,而水生木本植物显而易见无需高养护,对水景建设更为有利。本研究,以适生的水生木本植物为主,配以适宜的水生草本植物、水生动物及作为污染物吸附和植物支撑介质的高吸附性生物质焦,建立近自然的净水生态组合系统,以期为园林水体的水质净化、水景营造以及受污染水体生态系统的恢复提供技术支持和理论参考。主要研究结果如下:1.11种木本植物对富营养化园林水体具有一定的净化效果。以水翁(Cleistocalyx operculatus)、秋枫(Bischofia javanica)、铁冬青(Ilex rotunda)、穗花棋盘脚(Barringtonia racemosa)、串钱柳(Callistemon viminalis)、水石榕(Elaeocarpus hainanensis)、尖叶杜英(Elaeocarpus apiculatus)、乌桕(Sapium sebiferum)、黄金香柳(Melaleuca bracteata)、水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)、风箱树(Cephalanthus tetrandrus)11种木本植物为试验材料。结果表明,秋枫对污水中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH4+-N)的净化效果最好,去除率分别为52.2%、28.8%、36.3%;串钱柳对水体中TN、TP净化效果仅次于秋枫,去除率分别为51.9%、25.6%;而风箱树对污水中化学需氧量(COD)和色度的吸附效果较好,其去除率分别可达28.7%、32.6%。因此,秋枫、串钱柳和风箱树可作为水体净化的优先选择,其次是水石榕、穗花棋盘脚、尖叶杜英、铁冬青、水翁、黄金香柳、乌桕、水杉。2.8种水生草本植物对富营养化水体均有一定净化作用,但净化效率差异较大。以蜘蛛兰(Hymenocallis littoralis)、呰草(Scirpus triqueter)、梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata)、鸢尾(Iris germanica)、香菇草(Hydrocotyle vulgaris)、水蓑衣(Hygrophila salicifolia)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)、黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)8种常见的水生草本植物进行净水性试验。经过10d处理,与对照相比,水蓑衣对水体中TN、TP、COD、NH4+-N、色度的去除效果较好,去除率分别为50.3%、25.4%、38.5%、23.5%、27.9%;鸢尾、蜘蛛兰和苦草对TN的去除效果次之,去除率为44%、39.1%、37.4%;呰草去除TP效果仅次于水蓑衣,去除率为20.6%。综合各植物对各项水质指标的去除效果,水蓑衣可作为水体净化的优选水生草本材料,其次是鸢尾、蜘蛛兰和苦草。3.4种水生动物在富营养水体中存活率均不同,且对水质存在明显影响。鲢鱼(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)和食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)在试验结束时已全部死亡,叉尾斗鱼(Macropodus opercularis)和中华圆田螺(Cipangopaludina cahayensis)均无死亡现象出现。随着试验中鲢鱼组和食蚊鱼组的逐渐死亡,水中的TN、TP、NH4+-N浓度呈快速增长的现象,其中对TN和NH4+-N的影响较大,试验结束时其浓度比初始值分别高出16.37~18.35mg/L、17.19~19.65mg/L。叉尾斗鱼对污水有较强的适应性,在吞食水中蚊子幼虫的同时,还能有效降低污水中TP、COD、NH4+-N、色素的浓度,其去除率分别可达15.5%、37%、40.8%、19.1%;而田螺对降低水中pH、色度值具有较好的作用,对污水COD也有较好的去除效果,其去除率为36.5%,接近叉尾斗鱼的去除效率。因此,叉尾斗鱼和田螺可优选为水体净化材料。4.水生动植物组合净化富营养化园林水体效果良好,且组合系统中无蚊子幼虫出现。在为期30d试验中,组合大幅度降低水体中TN、TP、COD、NH4+-N、亚硝态氮(NO2--N)、色素的浓度,去除率分别可达64.4%、49.5%、65.7%、73.8%、82.6%、68.9%,其中,TN、COD指标均符合地表水Ⅳ类水标准,而NH4+-N则符合Ⅱ类水要求。
[Abstract]:The landscape is becoming increasingly popular, but the waterscape maintenance often face red dust, in addition to mosquitoes, algae, plant maintenance work, coupled with the high cost of maintenance and maintaining the water quality features and technical difficulties and other factors, a large amount of water has become a pool of stagnant water, or simply drained. In view of the current construction of waterscape in aquatic herbs, and aquatic woody plants obviously without high maintenance, construction of waterscape more favorable. In this study, the suitability of aquatic woody plants mainly with aquatic herbs suitable plants, aquatic animal and plant as the pollutant adsorption and supporting medium high adsorption biomass, build water ecological system close to nature, to water quality for landscape water purification, waterscape and ecological system of polluted water to provide technical support and theoretical reference. The main results are as follows: 1.11 kinds of woody plants to eutrophication Garden water have purification effect. With water (Cleistocalyx operculatus), Weng Bischofia (Bischofia javanica), iron (Ilex rotunda), Holly Honoka (Barringtonia racemosa), foot board (Callistemon viminalis) on paliurus, Elaeocarpus hainanensis (Elaeocarpus hainanensis), Du Ying (Elaeocarpus apiculatus) pointed leaves, Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum (Melaleuca), gold Xiang Liu, bracteata) (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), Metasequoia buttonbush (Cephalanthus tetrandrus) 11 species of woody plants as test materials. The results show that the autumn maple of total nitrogen in sewage (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia (NH4+-N) the best purification effect, the removal rate respectively. 52.2%, 28.8%, 36.3%; Qian Liu string for TN in water, TP purification effect only to the Bischofia, 25.6% removal rate is 51.9%; while, buttonbush of chemical oxygen demand in wastewater (COD) better adsorption effect and chroma, the removal rate can reach 28.7 32.6%.%, therefore, autumn maple, priority on money and Liu buttonbush can be used as water purification, followed by Hainan Elaeocarpus, Honoka board feet, Du Ying pointed leaves, Holly Cleistocalyx, iron, gold Xiang Liu,.2.8 Roxb, aquatic herb metasequosia on eutrophic water purification has certain effect. But the purification efficiency is different. (Hymenocallis, littoralis) in spider orchid Zi (Scirpus triqueter), grass (Pontederia cordata), pickerelweed iris (Iris germanica), letinous edodes (Hydrocotyle vulgaris), grass (Hygrophila salicifolia) hygrophila (Vallisneria natans), Vallisneria spiralis (Hydrilla verticillata), Hydrilla verticillata 8 common aquatic herbs plant water purification test. After 10d treatment, compared with control, hygrophila in water TN, TP, COD, NH4+-N, better removal effect of the chroma removal rate were 50.3%, 25.4%, 38.5%, 23.5%, 27.9%; iris, the removal of TN 6-BA and Vallisneria The effect of the removal rate was 44%, 39.1%, 37.4%; TP effect after water removal of Zi grass hemp fiber, the removal rate of 20.6%. comprehensive removal effect of each water quality index of each plant, preferably aquatic herbs can be used as water purification materials hygrophila, followed by iris,.3.4 and bitter grass spider orchid in the eutrophication of aquatic animal water survival rates were different, and has a significant impact on water quality. The silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) have all died at the end of the experiment, opercularis (Macropodus opercularis) and cipangopaludina (Cipangopaludina cahayensis) there was no death phenomenon. With the gradual death test in silver carp and mosquitofish group fish group, water TN, TP, NH4+-N concentration was the rapid growth of the phenomenon, which has great influence on TN and NH4+-N, at the end of the experiment, the concentration of 16.37~18.35mg/L was higher than the initial value of 17.1. 9~19.65mg/L. opercularis has strong adaptability to the sewage in the water, swallowed mosquito larvae at the same time, can effectively reduce the sewage in TP, COD, NH4+-N, pigment concentration, the removal rate can reach 15.5%, 37%, 40.8%, 19.1%; and to reduce water snail pH, chroma value has a good effect, can be removed good effect of sewage COD, its removal rate is 36.5%, the removal efficiency is close to opercularis. Therefore, opercularis and snail can be optimized for.4. water purification materials of aquatic animals and plants combined purifying eutrophic water gardens with good effect, and the combination of systems without the mosquito larvae. In a 30d test in combination greatly reduce the water TN, TP, COD, NH4+-N, nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N), pigment concentration, the removal rate could reach 64.4%, 49.5%, 65.7%, 73.8%, 82.6%, 68.9%, among them, TN, COD indicators are in line with the surface water standard IV, while NH4+-N is in accordance with the Class II water requirements.

【学位授予单位】：仲恺农业工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU986.43;X52

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