隧道窑式胶粉连续裂解装置的优化设计与仿真

发布时间：2018-01-24 06:18

本文关键词： 废旧橡胶电磁仿真优化设计裂解设备微波裂解　出处：《青岛科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：裂解已成为废旧橡胶绿色资源化循环利用最有效方法之一。如果裂解工艺方法得当,完全可满足处理量大、效益高和环境污染性小等要求,既可解决当前废旧橡胶制品所产生的“黑色污染”问题,又可缓解当前石化燃料减少和能源价格高涨的紧张情势。利用微波裂解废旧橡胶的技术所产生的巨大经济效益和社会效益已受到世界各国业界学者的高度关注。微波具有加热速度快、穿透性强、无污染等特点。本文阐述了废旧橡胶的微波裂解机理。针对胶粉在微波裂解设备的位置对裂解速率及能耗的影响,透波材料表面炭黑的附着对裂解速率及能耗的影响,微波裂解设备材质的选择对微波能量损耗的影响,依据微波理论并使用电磁仿真软件HFSS进行了模拟分析。研究表明,废旧橡胶与裂解腔金属底板有一个最佳高度尺寸,废旧橡胶在此位置吸收的微波能最多,裂解率最高,即裂解速率最快;透波材料表面炭黑的附着会严重影响矩形波导中微波能量的传输率及增加反射率,应添加鸭嘴型氮气喷嘴装置对透波材料表面产生吹扫及冷却作用;裂解设备采用不同的金属材料时,所产生的腔壁损耗不同。以电磁仿真结果为依据,对整套隧道窑式胶粉连续裂解装置进行了优化设计。裂解设备整体分为进料部分、裂解部分和出料部分。进料部分出料部分采用螺旋结构;裂解部分采用隧道窑式马蹄链推进裂解结构,微波源采用多组磁控管组合的形式。确定了裂解物料位于裂解腔的最佳位置、矩形波导的排列、裂解腔传动轴端密封结构。优化后的隧道窑式胶粉连续裂解装置具有稳定的微波传输率,减少墙壁能量损耗,解决了裂解气泄漏问题,提高了设备安全性及稳定性,提高了能量利用率,裂解效率大幅提高。对隧道窑式胶粉连续裂解装置进行了废旧橡胶的连续化实验,结果表明优化后的隧道窑式胶粉连续裂解装置连续运行稳定,废旧橡胶温升快、裂解程度高,裂解得到的炭黑、裂解气和裂解油品质高,裂解耗能低,符合预期效果。
[Abstract]:Pyrolysis has become one of the most effective methods for recycling waste rubber. If the pyrolysis process is proper, it can completely meet the requirements of large amount of treatment, high efficiency and low environmental pollution. It can solve the problem of "black pollution" caused by waste rubber products. At the same time, it can alleviate the tension of the reduction of fossil fuels and the rising of energy price. The enormous economic and social benefits caused by microwave pyrolysis of waste rubber have been highly concerned by scholars all over the world. Microwave has fast heating speed. In this paper, the microwave cracking mechanism of waste rubber is described. The influence of rubber powder position in microwave pyrolysis equipment on cracking rate and energy consumption is discussed. The influence of the adhesion of carbon black on the surface of the wave-permeable material on the rate of pyrolysis and energy consumption, and the influence of the choice of the material of microwave pyrolysis equipment on the microwave energy loss. According to the microwave theory and the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS, the results show that the scrap rubber and the metal floor of the cracking chamber have an optimum height. The waste rubber absorbs the most microwave energy and the highest cracking rate in this position, that is, the cracking rate is the fastest. The adhesion of carbon black on the surface of the permeable material will seriously affect the transmission rate of microwave energy and increase the reflectivity in the rectangular waveguide. The effect of blowing and cooling on the surface of the permeable material should be produced by adding the duckbill type nitrogen nozzle device. When different metal materials are used in the pyrolysis equipment, the cavity wall loss is different, which is based on the results of electromagnetic simulation. The whole equipment is divided into three parts: feeding part, cracking part and discharging part. The pyrolysis part uses the tunnel kiln horseshoe chain to push the pyrolysis structure, the microwave source adopts the multi-group magnetron combination form. The optimum position of the pyrolysis material in the cracking cavity and the arrangement of the rectangular waveguide are determined. The optimized tunnel kiln rubber powder continuous cracking device has stable microwave transmission rate, reduces wall energy loss, and solves the problem of cracking gas leakage. The safety and stability of the equipment were improved, the energy utilization ratio and the cracking efficiency were greatly improved. The continuous test of waste rubber was carried out on the continuous cracking unit of rubber powder in tunnel kiln. The results show that the optimized continuous cracking unit of tunnel kiln rubber powder is stable, the waste rubber temperature rises quickly, the cracking degree is high, the quality of cracking carbon black, cracking gas and cracking oil is high, and the energy consumption of cracking is low. In line with the desired effect.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X705

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