风险社会背景下政府环境法律责任问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 06:55

本文关键词： 风险社会环境治理政府法律责任公民环境权利　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪80年代,"风险社会"作为社会学概念首次被提出,因其重要的学术价值和对现实的关照,学术界很快便对其展开了深入地研究。风险社会的提出者乌尔里希·贝克(Ulrich Beck)认为,不同于以往相对安定的社会生活样态,风险社会揭示了这样一个令人不安的事实:即人类时刻处在自己制造的威胁之中。风险社会具有高度的不确定性等特征,而这加剧了人类对当下和未来生活的担忧,与此同时也对政府法律责任及行政规制提出新的挑战。改革开放以降,我国的物质财富积累和科学技术发展速度引起了世界的瞩目,随之而来的是很多前所未有的新型环境问题纷至沓来。政府作为环境治理的主导力量,有责任应对和处理新型环境问题带来的危害,随着风险社会理论被运用到法学领域中,越来越多的人开始将两者进行结合研究,以期开辟出一条解决政府环境法律责任,改善环境质量的新路径。近年来,中央对环境工作高度重视,立法层面也在逐步健全完善。同时随着行政法治及环境法治的发展,人与环境之间激烈的矛盾似有所缓解。但我们也要看到,我国环境治理多年来"屡治不灵"的重要原因在于"治民"有余,"治官"不足,具体表现为对政府环境法律责任的规定含糊不清,权利义务关系错位。捋顺政府、公民、环境三者的关系,确定环境法律责任主体,成为了治理环境问题的关键。本文分为四个部分。文章第一部分介绍了风险社会的基本情况并对其进行理论梳理,总结风险社会的特征,并结合近些年来在我国发生的比较严重的环境污染事件,试图证明以下观点:即目前我国在环境问题方面,已经属于风险较大的国家,甚至已经迈入了以环境风险为特征的风险社会。在文章的第二部分中,主要说明了为何使用法律规制的途径作为解决环境问题手段,即政府环境法律理论的理论基础问题,由此在理论上确定了政府的在环境的相关治理上的主要责任,同时指出在风险社会背景下对政府治理环境问题提出了新挑战。文章第三部分结合实例对目前政府在环境责任承担上存在的问题进行分析,并试图总结出现问题的原因。文章第四部分是在前面分析的基础上,结合我国的实际情况,提出了一些完善我国政府环境法律责任的对策。
[Abstract]:In 1980s, the "risk society" as a sociological concept was put forward for the first time, because of its important academic value and care about reality, the academic circles quickly carried out in-depth study. The risk society author Ulrich Beck (Ulrich Beck) believes that social life like state is different from the relatively stable. The risk society reveals such a disturbing fact that at the moment of their human threat. The risk society has a high degree of uncertainty and other characteristics, which exacerbated the human on the present and future concerns, also put forward a new challenge to the government's legal responsibility and administrative regulation. At the same time to reform and opening up in China, the accumulation of material wealth and the speed of science and technology development has attracted worldwide attention, there is a lot of new environmental problems come in a throng as hitherto unknown. The government environmental governance The leading force, have harm responsibility to cope with new environmental problems, with the risk society theory was applied to the field of law, more and more people begin to combine the two studies, in order to open up a solution to environmental responsibility of government, the new path to improve the environmental quality. In recent years, central to the environment attaches great importance to the work of the legislative level is gradually perfect. At the same time with the development of administrative law and environmental law, the fierce contradiction between people and the environment like eased. But we also see that China's environmental governance for many years repeatedly rule is "an important reason lies in the" people "rather than" government officials "lack of specific performance requirements for the environmental responsibility of the government clear, straight dislocation. The relationship between rights and obligations of citizens, government, relationship between the environment three, determine the environmental legal responsibility subject, as in order to control environmental problems. Key. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the basic situation of the risk society and the theory, and summarize the characteristics of risk society, and in recent years more serious environmental pollution incidents occurred in China, trying to prove the idea that at present our country in the aspect of environment, already belongs to country risk is bigger, even has entered the environmental risk characteristics of risk society. In the second part, mainly illustrates the way why the use of legal regulation as a solution environment problem, which is the basic theory problems of environmental law theory of the government, resulting in the related governance environment on the government's main responsibility is determined in theory, also pointed out that under the background of risk society as a new challenge to the government governance environment is put forward. The third part of this article based on the current government in environmental liability bearing The paper analyzes the existing problems, and tries to summarize the reasons for the problems. The fourth part is based on the previous analysis and combined with the actual situation of China, it puts forward some countermeasures to improve our government's environmental legal liability.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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