人工湿地冬季水质净化效果研究及减排绩效评估

发布时间：2018-02-04 06:26

本文关键词： 冬季人工湿地水质净化冬季减排绩效评价体系层次分析法综合指数法　出处：《山东建筑大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人工湿地技术作为常用的污水处理技术,具有工艺简单、操作便利、运行费用低、出水水质好、改善生态环境多样性等优点。积极开展北方冬季条件下人工湿地建设、管理、水质净化效果研究具有重要的现实意义,特别是对我国目前已建成并成功运行的人工湿地,通过分析人工湿地对污染物的减排情况,评估冬季条件下人工湿地减排绩效水平,将有利于优化人工湿地冬季运行参数,提升人工湿地管理水平,完善湿地减排绩效管理工作,并对冬季条件下其他在建人工湿地提供指导。本文选取山东省3个人工湿地进行实地调研和跟踪监测,分析了3个人工湿地冬季水质净化效果和沿程水质变化,评估了冬季条件下人工湿地减排绩效,提出了冬季人工湿地运行管理的优化对策与建议。本文主要进行了以下几方面的工作:(1)通过对冬季D人工湿地、M人工湿地、X人工湿地水质指标监测分析,结果表明:冬季条件下人工湿地对污染物出去有较高的去除率,但出水水质部分指标达不到国家地表水III水质标准,这主要是由于进水水质无法达到人工湿地设计进水水质要求所致。D人工湿地对COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷平均去除率分别为77.59%、85.53%、52.19%、72.93%,M人工湿地对COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷平均去除率分别为47.17%、47.83%、75.66%、73.68%。X人工湿地对COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷平均去除率分别55.78%、81.55%、55.17%、34.43%。通过对湿地沿程水质分析发现,潜流区人工湿地在冬季条件下对COD、NH3-N、TN去除效果好于表面流湿地,表流湿地后端污染物浓度趋于稳定并有小幅度上升趋势,其主要原因是存在大量的植物腐烂,造成污染物浓度不稳定。(2)构建了冬季条件下减排绩效评价框架,包括目标层A、准则层B、指标层C,确定了冬季条件下人工湿地减排绩效评价指标,选用了湿地构建、湿地管理运行、冬季水质净化效果、经济和社会特征4个准则层来反映指标体系的总目标,并确定了“TN去除率、TP去除率、NH3-N去除率、COD去除率、出水指标达标率、池体设计、填料状况、冬季植物的管理与保温、吨水运行成本、冬季平均温度、植物状况、运行管理体系、水力停留时间、吨水运行成本、淤泥淤积”15个指标。采用层次分析法计算了指标权重,通过专家打分的方式确定各指标相对重要程度,确定了人工湿地减排绩效评价标准,提出了人工湿地减排绩效综合指数法评价模型。(3)通过综合评估模型对三个人工湿地进行冬季减排绩效评价,D人工湿地冬季减排绩效综合评估得分73.55,评估结果均为良。M人工湿地冬季减排绩效综合评估得分64.94,评估结果均为中。X人工湿地冬季减排绩效综合评估得分68.85,评估结果为中。针对人工湿地的来水水质稳定性、运行负管理体系、植物管理、淤泥淤积、冬季保温等提出了对策和建议。
[Abstract]:As a commonly used sewage treatment technology, constructed wetland technology has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, low operating cost and good effluent quality. To improve the diversity of ecological environment, it is of great practical significance to study the construction, management and water purification effect of artificial wetland under winter conditions in northern China. Especially for the constructed wetland which has been built and operated successfully in our country at present, through analyzing the emission reduction of pollutants in constructed wetland, the emission reduction performance of constructed wetland in winter is evaluated. It will help to optimize the operating parameters of constructed wetland in winter, improve the management level of constructed wetland, and improve the performance management of wetland emission reduction. And to provide guidance for other constructed wetlands under winter conditions. This paper selected three constructed wetlands in Shandong Province for field investigation and monitoring, and analyzed the water quality purification effect and water quality change along the course of the three constructed wetlands in winter. This paper evaluates the performance of artificial wetland emission reduction under winter conditions, and puts forward the optimized countermeasures and suggestions for the operation and management of constructed wetland in winter. In this paper, the main work of this paper is as follows: 1) through the winter D-constructed wetland. M constructed wetland X constructed wetland water quality indicators monitoring and analysis the results show that the constructed wetland in winter conditions have a higher removal rate of pollutants out. However, some indexes of effluent quality can not reach the national surface water III standard, which is mainly due to the fact that the influent water quality can not meet the requirement of designed influent water quality of constructed wetland. The average removal rates of total phosphorus were 77.59 and 52.190.The mean removal rates of total phosphorus were 72.93% and 72.93% respectively for COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen. The average removal rates of total phosphorus were 47.17 and 47.83, respectively. The average removal rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in constructed wetland were 73.68 and 55.78% respectively. Through the analysis of the water quality along the wetland, it is found that the constructed wetland in the subsurface flow area is treated with CODNH3-N in winter. The removal efficiency of TN is better than that of surface flow wetland. The concentration of pollutants at the back end of surface flow wetland tends to be stable and has a small upward trend, which is mainly due to the existence of a large number of plant rot. The evaluation framework of emission reduction performance under winter conditions was constructed, including target layer A, criterion layer B, index layer C, and the evaluation index of emission reduction performance of constructed wetland under winter conditions was determined. Four criteria layers, wetland construction, wetland management and operation, water quality purification effect in winter, economic and social characteristics, were selected to reflect the total target of the index system, and "TN removal rate and TP removal rate" were determined. NH3-N removal rate, effluent index, tank body design, packing condition, plant management and heat preservation in winter, running cost of ton water, average temperature in winter, plant condition. Operation management system, hydraulic retention time, running cost of tons of water, silt deposition "15 indexes. AHP was used to calculate the index weight, and the relative importance of each index was determined by the way of expert scoring." The evaluation standard of artificial wetland emission reduction performance is determined, and the evaluation model of artificial wetland emission reduction performance comprehensive index method is put forward, which is used to evaluate the winter emission reduction performance of three constructed wetlands through comprehensive evaluation model. D constructed wetland in winter emission reduction performance comprehensive evaluation score 73.55, the assessment results are good. M constructed wetland in winter emission reduction performance comprehensive evaluation score 64.94. The evaluation results are: the comprehensive evaluation score of winter emission reduction performance of the constructed wetland is 68.85, the evaluation result is middle. For the stability of water quality of constructed wetland, negative management system, plant management. Some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward, such as silt deposition, winter heat preservation and so on.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703

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