新立城水库富营养化状况分析及营养物标准制定

发布时间：2018-02-08 20:49

本文关键词： 富营养化新立城水库水质指标营养物标准季节性变化　出处：《东北电力大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：湖库水体富营养化问题已经成为我国乃至世界最突出的水环境问题之一,我国湖库数量众多、地域分布广泛、湖库所处地区气候差异大,不同区域湖库生态系统差异显著,水体存在的问题以及治理方案也存在明显的区域性差异。湖泊/水库的富营养化问题主要源于氮磷营养盐的大量输入而引藻类过度生长,限制营养盐排放的最根本的解决办法是制定相应指标的标准。本研究以长春市的重要饮用水源地新立城水库为例,在分析十二五期间(2011-2015年)水库的8个水质指标:水温(Water Temperature,WT)、pH、溶解氧(Dissolved Oxygen,DO)、透明度(Secchi Depth,SD)、总磷(Total Phosphorus,TP)、总氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)、高锰酸盐指数(Permanganate Index,PMI)和叶绿素a(Chlorophyll-a,Chl-a)的变化规律与趋势的基础上,对富营养化水平进行了评价;并进一步利用相关性分析和多元逐步回归分析对水体中Chl-a浓度与理化因子的关系进行了探讨;基于国际Chl-a浓度分级法与基于营养物基准方法分别制定新立城水库春季、夏季与秋季的营养物标准;最后通过实验对所制定的标准进行验证。通过上述研究,得到以下主要结论:(1)新立城水库TN在2011-2015年变化范围在0.47~3.76 mg/L之间,平均值为1.61mg/L,超标率为68%,季节分布规律为春季夏季秋季;TP变化范围在0.02~0.09 mg/L之间,平均值为0.04 mg/L,超标率为35%,没有明显的季节性变化规律,2015年出现峰值;TN/TP变化范围为6.0~193.0之间,平均值为47.1,因此P营养盐是新立城水库的营养限制因子;Chl-a变化范围在2.55~26.54μg/L之间,呈明显的季节分布,即秋季夏季春季;应用综合营养状态指数法评价水库的结果表明,全库基本处于轻度富营养状态。(2)相关性分析和多元逐步回归分析结果表明,WT和TP为影响春季浮游植物生长的主要环境因子,因此,应合理规划土地,最大限度的控制地表径流带来的农业面源污染,并在农田排水的入库口处种植净水植被等,加强磷排放量的控制和湖库净化带的建设;PMI为夏季浮游植物生长模型的主要环境因子,因此,夏季应严格控制有机物的输入量,严格管制水库排放源,尤其是新立城水库上游汇水区伊通县内的生产和生活排污;TP为影响秋季浮游植物生长的主要环境因子,此时TP的主要来源为农田以及村屯畜牧和生活污染物进入水库,需严格控制TP排入水体,必要时应对水库进行底泥清淤等方法进行富营养化的控制。总体来看,影响新立城水库Chl-a浓度的主要环境因子为:WT、TP和PMI。(3)基于国际Chl-a分级法制定了新立城水库春季、夏季及秋季富营养化评价标准所得到的TP控制标准值分别为0.044 mg/L、0.030 mg/L与0.052 mg/L。通过基于营养物基准的标准制定方法,新立城水库春季、夏季与秋季的TP控制标准值分别为0.038 mg/L、0.047mg/L与0.032 mg/L。总体来看,两种方法各有优缺点,国际Chl-a分级法较适合制定某一湖库营养物标准,而当所制定的标准需要指导本区域湖库富营养化管理时,适合应用基于营养物基准制定的营养物标准。(4)经过实验室模拟新立城水库春季、夏季及秋季水环境状况,对本研究制定的标准进行验证,得出春季、夏季与秋季TP的富营养化标准限值分别为0.038 mg/L、0.030 mg/L和0.052 mg/L。实验结果表明,相对于基于营养物基准法制定的营养物标准,国际Chl-a分级法制定的标准更加适用于夏季与秋季,基于营养物基准法制定的营养物标准适合应用于春季。但是两种方法所制定的春季TP标准较为接近,因此,基于国际Chl-a分级法制定营养物标准方法相对适合应用于本区域湖库营养物标准的研究。在今后的湖库营养物标准的研究与制定过程中应尽可能多的收集有效的数据,提高标准制定的准确性。同时,在实验验证的过程中要在现场进行实地实验,与当地的气候条件一致,才能更加科学的对所制定的标准进行验证。
[Abstract]:The water eutrophication problem has become one of the problems of water environment in China and even the world's most prominent, China's large number of lakes, wide geographical distribution, Lake area climate differences, regional differences in lake ecosystem significantly, water problems and governance programs also have obvious regional differences a lot of input. Lake / reservoir eutrophication problem is mainly due to nitrogen and phosphorus caused excessive algae growth, the most fundamental solution limiting nutrient emissions is to formulate the corresponding index standard. In this study, Changchun city is an important source of drinking water in Xinlicheng Reservoir as an example, in the analysis of 12th Five-Year (2011-2015) 8 water quality parameters of reservoir water temperature (Water: Temperature, WT, pH), dissolved oxygen (Dissolved Oxygen, DO (Secchi), Depth, SD) transparency, TP (Total Phosphorus, TP), total nitrogen (Total, Nitrogen, TN), high manganese Acid salt index (Permanganate Index, PMI) and chlorophyll a (Chlorophyll-a, Chl-a) based on the variation and trend, the eutrophication level was evaluated; and further the use of correlation analysis and multivariate stepwise regression analysis of Chl-a in water concentration and chemical factors discussed the relationship between the concentration of Chl-a; based on the classification method and reference methods were developed based on nutrient Xinlicheng Reservoir in spring, summer and autumn nutrient standards; through the experiment of the criterion is verified. Through the above research, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) Xinlicheng Reservoir TN changes in 2011-2015 years in the range of 0.47~3.76 between mg/L, the average the value is 1.61mg/L, exceed the standard rate of 68%, the seasonal distribution of spring summer autumn; TP changes in the range of 0.02~0.09 between mg/L, the average value was 0.04 mg/L, exceed the standard rate of 35%, there is no obvious seasonal variation The law, the peak value appeared in 2015; the TN/TP range is between 6.0~193.0, the average value is 47.1, so P nutrients are the nutritional limiting factors in Xinlicheng Reservoir; the change of Chl-a in the range of 2.55~26.54 g/L, showed a significant seasonal distribution, namely spring summer autumn; application of comprehensive nutrition state index of the reservoir evaluation results show that the whole library in mild eutrophic state. (2) the correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis showed that WT and TP as the main environmental factors affecting the growth of phytoplankton in spring, therefore, should be the rational planning of land, agricultural non-point source pollution control surface runoff to the greatest extent brought about, and in the storage of farmland drainage mouth planting vegetation water, strengthen the phosphorus emission control and purification of lake and reservoir zone construction; the main environmental factors, PMI for the summer phytoplankton growth model, therefore, the summer should strictly control the transport of organic matter The amount, the strict control of reservoir emission sources, especially the Xinlicheng Reservoir upstream catchment area of Yitong County in the production and living sewage; TP is the main environmental factors affecting the growth of phytoplankton in the autumn, the main source of TP for farmland and villages of animal husbandry and life of pollutants into the water reservoir, the need to strictly control the TP discharged into the water, when necessary to deal with the reservoir sediment dredging method for eutrophication control. Overall, the main environmental factors affecting the Xinlicheng Reservoir Chl-a concentration: WT, TP and PMI. (3) Chl-a International Classification for the preparation of Xinlicheng Reservoir Based on spring, summer and autumn eutrophication evaluation criteria by TP control the standard values were 0.044 mg/L, 0.030 mg/L and 0.052 mg/L. by the method of making nutrient criteria based on Xinlicheng Reservoir in spring, summer and autumn TP control standard values were 0.038 mg/L and 0. 0.047mg/L. 032 mg/L. overall, two methods have advantages and disadvantages, the Chl-a classification method is more suitable for a standard nutrient lake library, while the standards set by the need to guide the regional eutrophication management, suitable nutrient criteria set nutrient criteria based on (4) through laboratory simulation. Xinlicheng Reservoir in spring, summer and autumn water environment status, the research standard to verify that spring limit were 0.038 mg/L standard of eutrophication in summer and autumn, TP, 0.030 mg/L and 0.052 mg/L. from the experimental results show that the phase reference method for nutrient nutrient standards based on the standard the international Chl-a classification method is more suitable for summer and autumn, used in spring for nutrient criteria were set up based on the nutrient standards. But the two methods developed by the spring TP standard is close, therefore, based on the country Research on the regional standard nutrient lake reservoir is relatively suitable for the Chl-a grading method of nutrient standard method. Should collect as many effective data research and development process in the lake nutrient criteria in the future, improve the accuracy of standard. At the same time, in the experimental process to the field experiment in the field, consistent with the local climatic conditions, can be more scientific to the standards set by the verification.

【学位授予单位】：东北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X524

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