大型底栖动物快速生物评价指数在河流健康评价中的比较与应用

发布时间：2018-02-10 00:36

本文关键词： 河流健康快速生物评价河流管理 BMWP指数　出处：《山东农业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：河流健康是河流管理的重要评价基础。河流健康评价方法主要有物理评价方法、化学评价方法、生物评价方法以及综合评价方法,而生物评价方法目前应用比较广泛。在生物评价中,生物指数法是最常用的评价方法,根据物种的特性及出现与否,通过简单的数字表达外界胁迫因子对河流健康的影响程度。而在生物类群中,大型底栖动物具有丰富的物种多样性,并且易于采集和鉴定,本身生活史比较长,活动能力差,能够持续反应一段时间内外界胁迫因子对水环境的影响情况,因此本文选用大型底栖动物作为河流健康评价的目标评价生物。在国内外河流健康评价中,以大型底栖动物为基础构建的快速生物评价指数主要包括敏感型指数、耐污型指数以及多样性指数。相比较其他指数,快速生物评价指数因其省时、省力,且能有效表征河流健康状况,具有明显优势。但在国内尚未进行较好的验证,因此本研究通过对比多种快速生物评价指数,比较其适用性,主要得到了以下几个结论:1)不同快速生物评价指数具有较高的相关性,但快速生物评价指数对不同水质的指示性具有较大差异。各快速生物评价指数均可以有效指示水环境中的有机污染和NH3-N污染。对于不同快速生物评价指数而言,BMWP指数与ρ(CODMn)、ρ(NH3-N)、ρ(TN)的线性拟合关系最好,BP指数与ρ(BOD5)、EC的线性拟合关系最好。2)BMWP指数对河流健康的指示性最强。BMWP与B-IBI指数的相关性最为显著,并且BMWP指数与B-IBI指数的健康评价结果最为接近。在浑太河流域河流水质状况评估中,BMWP指数应当作为首选快速生物评价指数,可达到既快速又准确的效果。3)BMWP指数除可以较好的指示水体中有机污染、富营养化以及总溶解性固体污染,对生物多样性以及栖息地异质性也具有很好的指示作用。4)健康评估结果显示,太子河采样点中,极好样点占比30.5%,良好样点占比15.2%,一般样点占比21.7%,差样点占比10.9%,极差样点占比21.7%。本研究为快速生物评价方法在国内的应用提供了验证,为大流域尺度下河流健康评估过程中开展快速生物监测与评估提供一定的技术支撑。
[Abstract]:River health is an important evaluation basis of river management. The methods of river health evaluation include physical evaluation method, chemical evaluation method, biological evaluation method and comprehensive evaluation method. In biological evaluation, biological index method is the most commonly used evaluation method, according to the characteristics of species and their appearance or not, The effects of external stress factors on river health are expressed by simple numbers. In biological groups, macrobenthos are rich in species diversity, easy to collect and identify, and have a long life history and poor mobility. The effect of external stress factors on water environment can be sustained for a period of time. In this paper, macrobenthos are chosen as the target organisms for river health assessment. The rapid biological evaluation index based on macrobenthos mainly includes sensitive index, pollution resistance index and diversity index. Compared with other indexes, rapid biological evaluation index saves time and effort. It has obvious advantages, but it has not been verified well in our country. Therefore, this study compares the applicability of several rapid biological evaluation indexes. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) different rapid biological evaluation indexes have high correlation. However, the rapid biological assessment index has a great difference on the indicator of different water quality. Each rapid biological assessment index can effectively indicate organic pollution and NH3-N pollution in the water environment. The linear fitting relationship between the index and 蟻 (CODMnI), 蟻 (NH _ 3-N _ (+), 蟻 _ (Tn)) is the best. The linear fitting relationship between BP index and 蟻 ~ (2) Bod _ (5) (EC) is the best. (2) BMWP index is the best indicator for river health. The correlation between BMWP and B-IBI index is the most significant. The results of health assessment of BMWP index and B-IBI index are most close. In the assessment of water quality of Hun Tai River basin, BMWP index should be used as the first rapid biological evaluation index. In addition, the BMWP index can better indicate organic pollution, eutrophication and total dissolved solid pollution in water. Health assessment results for biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity also showed that, in the Taizi River sampling site, The percentage of excellent sample points is 30.5%, the proportion of good samples is 15.2cm, the percentage of general samples is 21.7g, the proportion of poor samples is 10.9, the proportion of extremely bad samples is 21.7.The research provides a proof for the application of rapid biological evaluation method in China. It provides technical support for rapid biological monitoring and assessment in river health assessment at large watershed scale.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X825

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