金属基超疏水网膜的制备及其油水分离性能研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 11:18

本文关键词： 化学镀Ni-P涂层超疏水/超亲油油水分离网膜油水分离不锈钢　出处：《重庆理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着工业的发展,石油的开采与利用已经成为了人们不可或缺的一部分,然而石油开采和油品使用过程中油造成的严重水污染问题一直是环境保护和资源利用领域的一大难题。目前,含油废水的处理工艺主要有:重力分离法、气浮法、油吸收法等。在这些处理工艺中,又存在着效率低、成本高等问题。随着特殊表面润湿性功能材料的不断研发,超亲水超疏油材料、超疏水超亲油材料以及超双疏材料,在含油废水处理,以及油水分离方面表现出了明显的优势,使其成为了油水分离领域重要的功能材料。基于油水分离功能材料建立的化工分离过程在实际工业领域具有较大的应用前景。本文以不锈钢金属丝网作为基底,通过丝网材料表面改性、化学镀Ni-P镀层,并接枝FAS,成功制备了超疏水/超亲油网膜材料,并对其结构进行了表征,研究了材料的油水分离性能。得到的重要结论如下:(1)以不锈钢丝网为基底,通过化学镀Ni-P的方法在表面构造微纳结构,然后用低表面能的三氧甲基硅氧烷进行修饰的方法,制备得到了超疏水超亲油不锈钢丝网膜。对网膜表面进行了XRD、SEM、EDS表征和接触角测量,研究了不同浓度Ni-P化学镀溶液对表面形貌、接触角和油水分离性能的影响。研究结果表明,经过Ni-P化学镀之后的不锈钢表面覆盖着大量的致密的Ni-P镀层,镀层结构呈紧密联系的球形颗粒状。在最佳制备工艺条件下,得到的超疏水网膜接触角能够达到167.9±2.1°。(2)以不锈钢丝网为基底,通过化学镀Ni-P-纳米ZrO_2,制备得到了超疏水的不锈钢丝网膜表面,并对网膜表面进行了SEM、EDS表征和水接触角测量。研究表明,Ni-P-纳米ZrO_2涂层后的不锈钢丝网膜表面具有致密的微—纳粗糙结构以及纳—纳粗糙结构。这种结构与表面疏水性的Ni-P涂层协同作用使得表面呈现出超疏水性能。(3)以模拟地热水为腐蚀液,对复合镀Ni-P纳米ZrO_2不锈钢丝网进行耐腐蚀性研究。结果表明,NiCl_2·6H_2O作为主盐所得到的网膜具有较好的耐腐蚀性能。(4)采用一种自行设计的重力体系的油水分离装置进行了柴油—水混合物的分离实验。结果表明,在NiSO_4·6H_2O浓度为50g/L,C_3H_6O_3浓度为20mg/L,Na_3C_6H_5O_7·2H_2O浓度为40g/L,C_2H_3O_2Na浓度为40g/L,NaH2PO_2浓度为40g/L条件下,所制备得到的网膜的油水分离效率能够达到96.8%,并且重复使用30次以上分离效率依然能够达到95%以上。
[Abstract]:With the development of industry, the exploitation and utilization of petroleum has become an indispensable part of people. However, the serious water pollution caused by oil in the process of oil production and oil use has always been a major problem in the field of environmental protection and resource utilization. At present, the treatment of oily wastewater mainly includes gravity separation, gas floatation, In these processes, there are many problems such as low efficiency and high cost. With the development of special surface wettable functional materials, super hydrophilic and super hydrophobic materials, super hydrophobic and super hydrophobic materials, and super double hydrophobic materials, In the treatment of oily wastewater, as well as in the separation of oil and water showed obvious advantages, The chemical separation process based on the oil-water separation function material has a great application prospect in the practical industrial field. In this paper, stainless steel wire mesh is used as the substrate. The superhydrophobic / super-oil-lipophilic omentum material was prepared by surface modification, electroless plating of Ni-P coating and grafting of FAS.The structure of the superhydrophobic / super-oil-lipophilic omentum was characterized. The oil and water separation properties of the materials were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) using stainless steel wire mesh as the substrate, the micro-nano structure was formed on the surface by electroless Ni-P plating, and then modified with trioxomethylsiloxane with low surface energy. The superhydrophobic super-oil-lipophilic stainless steel mesh film was prepared. The surface of the omentum was characterized by XRDX SEMS-EDS and the contact angle was measured. The effects of different concentration of Ni-P electroless plating solution on the surface morphology, contact angle and oil-water separation performance were studied. The surface of stainless steel after Ni-P electroless plating is covered with a large number of dense Ni-P coatings. The structure of the coating is spherical and granular. The contact angle of superhydrophobic omentum can reach 167.9 卤2.1 掳路m2) the surface of super-hydrophobic stainless steel mesh film was prepared by electroless plating of Ni-P- nano-ZrO-2 on stainless steel wire mesh. The surface of stainless steel wire mesh coated with Ni-P- nano ZrO_2 coating has dense micro-nano rough structure and nano-nano rough structure. The synergistic effect of waterborne Ni-P coating makes the surface superhydrophobic. The corrosion resistance of composite Ni-P nanocrystalline ZrO_2 stainless steel wire mesh was studied. The results show that the omentum obtained by using NiCl2 路6H / S 2O as main salt has better corrosion resistance. The separation experiment of diesel-water mixture was carried out. Under the condition that NiSO_4 路6H2O concentration is 50 g / L _ (C) _ S _ 3H _ 6O _ 3, the density is 20 mg / L / L / L ~ (~ 3) ~ ~ ~ _ _ _
【学位授予单位】：重庆理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ051.893;X74

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