辽河流域水生态健康评价

发布时间：2018-02-27 14:49

  本文关键词： 生态健康 多指标综合评价法 水质 营养盐 藻类 大型底栖动物　出处：《辽宁大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人类文明起源于河流,河流像母亲一样一代又一代的滋养、哺育着广袤大地上的人们,生生不息,薪薪相传,为人类发展提供了无价的资源和服务。然而,在探索发展中,牺牲环境发展经济使得流域生态系统屡遭破坏,河流功能性大幅下滑,生态健康问题日益凸显。随着环保意识的逐渐提高,河流逐渐恢复的过程中,水生态健康评价成为流域整体性能的重要参考。探寻适用我国的河流健康评价方法,加强流域生态健康的修复,不仅对河流状况的判断提供明确的数据支撑,也为决策者制定流域管理政策提供科学依据,同时有助于河流更长远的有序管理和生态建设。本次研究基于辽河流域辽宁省段共设置65个监测断面,于2014年6月对各监测断面进行水质和生物样品的采集,构建包括水质、营养盐、着生藻类和大型底栖动物四大类型共15项二级指标的综合指标体系,对样品进行分析和指标数据的采集。在进行指标基础评价的同时,通过多指标综合分析评价法进行流域水生态健康的得分计算,评价结果采用彩色多边形表征并最终绘制生态健康报告卡直观表示各断面的综合生态健康状况及流域的整体健康情况。评价结果显示,辽河流域监测的65个断面中：水质指标基础评价Ⅰ类2个,Ⅱ类6个,Ⅲ类6个,Ⅳ类31个,Ⅴ类7个,劣Ⅴ 10个。全流域指标平均数评价为Ⅳ类；底栖指标多样性评价主要为“较差”到“一般",藻类指标多样性评价“一般”到“良好”；综合水生态健康评价中, “健康”点位19个, “一般”点位32个, “较差”12个,“极差”1个(另一个点位无数据)；整体水质得分0.741,营养盐得分为0.401,底栖动物得分0.307,藻类得分0.631,辽河流域健康评价整体综合平均得分为0.522,为“一般”状态。最后在展望中提出下一步内容。
[Abstract]:Human civilization originates from rivers, which are nurtured from generation to generation like mothers, and feed the people of the vast land. They provide invaluable resources and services for human development. Sacrificing the environment to develop the economy causes the river basin ecosystem to be destroyed repeatedly, the function of the river drops by a large margin, the ecological health problem becomes more and more prominent. With the gradual improvement of the consciousness of environmental protection, the river gradually recovers. The evaluation of water ecological health has become an important reference for the overall performance of the river basin. To explore suitable methods for river health assessment in China and to strengthen the restoration of the ecological health of the river basin not only provide clear data support for the judgement of river condition, It also provides scientific basis for decision makers to formulate watershed management policies, and is helpful to the long-term orderly management and ecological construction of rivers. This study is based on 65 monitoring sections set up in Liaoning section of the Liaohe River Basin. In June 2014, the water quality and biological samples were collected from each monitoring section, and a comprehensive index system of 15 secondary indexes including water quality, nutrients, macrobenthic algae and macrobenthos was constructed. Analysis of samples and collection of index data. At the same time of basic evaluation of indicators, the score of watershed water ecological health was calculated by multi-index comprehensive analysis and evaluation method. The evaluation results were represented by color polygons and the ecological health report cards were drawn to visualize the comprehensive ecological health status of each section and the overall health situation of the watershed. Among the 65 sections monitored in the Liaohe River Basin, the basic evaluation of water quality index was 2 in class 鈪，

本文编号：1543121