丝状真菌生物富集重金属废水的研究进展

发布时间：2018-02-27 14:55

本文关键词： 丝状真菌生物富集机理展望　出处：《生物技术通报》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：重金属废水是对环境污染最严重和对人类危害最大的工业废水之一。丝状真菌生物富集重金属是处理废水的一种重要的方法,近十几年来一直是研究热点。首先介绍了去除废水中重金属的常规方法 :化学沉淀法、离子交换法和吸附法的优缺点。尤其是生物吸附法的独特优点:吸附剂材料廉价,耗费少,吸附重金属离子效率高,适用条件广,生物体吸附剂可重复使用,特别适合于微量重金属废水的处理;其次,介绍了应用到富集重金属的丝状真菌种类,如根霉(Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Cr5+)、毛霉(Pb~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+))、曲霉(Pb~(2+))、木霉(Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+))和担子菌(Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+))等都在重金属废水中取得较理想的效果;介绍了生物富集重金属的机理,主要是细胞外、细胞表面和细胞内富集重金属离子的机理;最后介绍了影响生物富集重金属效果的几种因素:p H值、重金属离子初始浓度和吸附剂的比例、富集温度、共存离子,展望了丝状真菌富集重金属的研究,旨为推广丝状真菌在富集重金属废水中的应用,并为即将投入新品种的丝状真菌富集重金属的研究奠定基础。
[Abstract]:Heavy metal wastewater is one of the most serious environmental pollution and the most harmful industrial wastewater. Filamentous fungi bioaccumulation of heavy metals is an important method of wastewater treatment. In recent years, it has been a research hotspot. Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of chemical precipitation method, ion exchange method and adsorption method are introduced, especially the unique advantages of the biosorption method: the low cost of adsorbent materials, and the advantages and disadvantages of chemical precipitation method, ion exchange method and adsorption method. Low cost, high efficiency of adsorbing heavy metal ions, wide application conditions, biological adsorbents can be reused, especially suitable for the treatment of trace heavy metal wastewater. Secondly, the filamentous fungi which are applied to the enrichment of heavy metals are introduced. For example, Rhizopus sp. PbCU 2, Mucor PbCU 2, Mucor PbCU 2, Niezhuo 2, Aspergillus sp. PbCU 2, Trichoderma zincinandii 2 Pb2) and basidiomycetes CuBX 2 PbPbPb2) have achieved ideal results in heavy metal wastewater. The mechanism of bioaccumulation of heavy metals is introduced, mainly in the extracellular environment, and the mechanism of biological enrichment of heavy metals is also introduced in this paper, which is mainly about extracellular mechanisms of heavy metals enrichment in the waste water of heavy metals, especially in the presence of Basidiomyces mongolicum, and in addition, the mechanism of biological enrichment of heavy metals is also discussed in this paper. The mechanism of biological enrichment of heavy metals is also discussed in this paper. The mechanism of enrichment of heavy metal ions on cell surface and in cells is introduced. Finally, several factors affecting the effect of bioconcentration of heavy metals are introduced, such as: ph value, initial concentration of heavy metal ions and the ratio of adsorbents, enrichment temperature, coexisting ions, and so on. The research on the enrichment of heavy metals by filamentous fungi is prospected in order to popularize the application of filamentous fungi in the enrichment of heavy metals in wastewater and lay a foundation for the study on the enrichment of heavy metals by filamentous fungi which will soon be put into new varieties.
【作者单位】：江南大学生物工程学院酿酒科学与酶技术研究中心;
【分类号】：X172;X703

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