低影响开发技术径流削减体系及效能优化研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 23:36

本文关键词： LID技术低影响开发径流削减体系效能优化层次分析　出处：《东华大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国城镇化进程的不断推进,快速增长的不透水下垫面严重破坏了天然的水文机制,内涝频发、水体恶化、雨水资源浪费等问题逐渐凸现出来。以快排为主的传统雨水管理模式已经不能满足城市可持续发展的要求,以源头控制为核心的低影响开发(Low Impact Development,LID)模式开始在国内盛行。但是现有的成果主要集中在单项LID技术上,对径流削减体系和方案优化的研究尚有欠缺,因此,构建LID技术径流削减体系和开展效能优化研究就显得十分必要和迫切。本研究首先对现有的LID技术进行分类后总结出各单项LID技术的径流削减理论公式,再与给出的单项LID技术的参数范围构成一套完整的LID技术径流削减体系。其次,针对典型LID技术开展现场中试试验,将实际值与公式计算的理论值对比,验证径流削减体系的可靠性。最后,基于层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP),以LID技术的不同效能为准则,选出最优效能的LID组合方案。得出如下结果:(1)归纳总结了LID技术参数,建立了12项LID技术对径流削减量的理论公式;根据单项LID技术的径流削减公式分析,给出了单项LID技术径流削减率的参数范围,建立了完整的LID径流削减体系。(2)土壤渗透实验结果表明:上海多数功能区的表层土渗透性很差,渗透速率在10~(-6)m/s以下;人工配土在砂土比2:3的情况下,渗透速率达到3.5×10~(-6)m/s,符合一般渗透设施的要求。植草沟、下凹式绿地、高位花坛试验结果表明:植草沟对小降雨强度的径流控制效果较好,在1a重现期、1%坡度的条件下,削减率可达到68.24%;下凹式绿地对径流集蓄作用显著,15cm下凹深度时,5a重现期以下的降雨不产生径流;砂壤土基质的高位花坛对雨水滞蓄效果最好,平均削减率为76.77%,壤土次之为45.31%,粉土最差为17.88%。(3)利用典型LID技术的试验参数率定了径流削减理论公式,结果表明:削减率的实际值和理论值相差最大为14.23%,最小为0.73%,总体差异不显著,LID技术径流削减体系具有显著的可靠性。(4)对单项LID技术的径流控制、污染控制、建设费用、管理费用和景观效益五个效能指标进行量化和归一化,建立了LID技术效能评价指标体系;采用层次分析法确定了以上五种效能的权重分别为0.460,0.164,0.286,0.058和0.033。本研究构建了完整的LID技术径流削减体系,并通过了中试试验参数率定;在得出LID技术效能评价指标值和不同效能权重值的基础上,优化选择了最佳LID组合设计方案。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of urbanization in China, the rapid growth of impermeable underlying surface seriously damaged the natural hydrological mechanism, frequent waterlogging, water deterioration, The problems of Rain Water's waste of resources have gradually come to the fore. The traditional Rain Water management model, which is dominated by fast scheduling, can no longer meet the requirements of sustainable urban development. The low Impact Development (low Impact Development) model with the core of source control has become popular in China. However, the existing achievements are mainly focused on single LID technology, and the research on runoff reduction system and scheme optimization is still lacking. It is very necessary and urgent to construct the runoff reduction system of LID technology and to carry out the research of efficiency optimization. Firstly, the paper classifies the existing LID technology and summarizes the theoretical formula of runoff reduction for each individual LID technology. Then the parameter range of the given single LID technology constitutes a complete runoff reduction system of LID technology. Secondly, the field pilot test for typical LID technology is carried out, and the actual value is compared with the theoretical value calculated by the formula. The reliability of runoff reduction system is verified. Finally, based on Analytic Hierarchy process AHP, based on different efficiency of LID technology, the optimal efficiency LID combination scheme is selected. The following results are obtained: 1) the technical parameters of LID are summarized and summarized. Based on the analysis of runoff reduction formula of single LID technique, the parameter range of runoff reduction rate of single LID technique is given. A complete LID runoff reduction system was established. The results show that the permeability of surface soil in most functional areas of Shanghai is very poor, the permeability rate is below 10 ~ (-6) m / s, and the ratio of sand to soil is 2: 3. The permeation rate is 3.5 脳 10 ~ (-6) m / s, which accords with the requirements of general osmotic facilities. The experimental results of planting grass trenches, concave green spaces and high flowerbeds show that the effect of planting grass ditches on runoff control of small rainfall intensity is better, and under the condition of 1% slope during the recurrence period of 1 year, The reduction rate can reach 68.24, the effect of concave green space on runoff accumulation and storage is significant (15cm) and the rainfall below the recurrence period of 5a does not produce runoff, and the high flowerbed of sandy loam soil has the best effect on Rain Water's stagnant storage. The average reduction rate is 76.7777, the loam is 45.31, and the silt is 17.888.The theoretical formula of runoff reduction is established by using the experimental parameters of typical LID technique. The results show that the difference between the actual value and the theoretical value of the reduction rate is 14.23 and 0.73 respectively, and the overall difference is not significant. The runoff reduction system of lid technology has significant reliability. It has significant effects on the runoff control, pollution control and construction cost of single LID technology. The management cost and landscape benefit are quantified and normalized, and the evaluation index system of LID technical effectiveness is established. The weights of the above five kinds of efficiency were determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to be 0.460 ~ 0.1640.286 ~ 0.058 and 0.033 respectively. In this study, a complete runoff reduction system of LID technology was constructed, and the parameter rate of the pilot test was determined. On the basis of getting the index value of LID technical effectiveness evaluation and the different efficiency weight value, the optimal LID combination design scheme is optimized.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X52

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