环鄱阳湖区水域及富营养化时空变化遥感分析研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 04:14

  本文选题：环鄱阳湖区　切入点：遥感　出处：《江西理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水资源是人类的生产和生活必不可少的元素,与人类的关系密不可分,因此对其的研究至关重要。环鄱阳湖区不仅包含了鄱阳湖的主湖区,而且包含“五大河”入湖尾闾区的广阔区域,其中涵盖了大量的农田和城镇,研究区内的洪涝灾害、干旱、富营养化现象等对人类的生产生活影响巨大。因此对环鄱阳湖区的水域以及水体富营养化现象的研究有着重要的意义。本文以环鄱阳湖区作为研究区,选取1976年—2011年的MSS影像及Landsat TM影像、2009年—2016年的HJ卫星影像和2013年-2016年的Landsat8影像为基础,经过几何校正、大气校正、拼接、裁剪等预处理,根据各类影像的特征建立基于HJ卫星CCD影像的水体提取模型和基于Landsat系列卫星的水体提取模型,实现对环鄱阳湖区水体的提取,所有影像的水体提取精度均在80%以上,提取精度较高。通过对水体的年内变化以及年际变化的研究,实现水体的时空变化研究,南部的军山湖、青岚湖、瑶湖等较大湖泊,丰水期与枯水期的面积变化不大;造成环鄱阳湖区水域面积发成变化的原因主要是人类的围湖造田、填湖建房以及围堰养鱼等,同时水域面积的变化还受到降水等气候因素的影响。在正常的年份,除了主湖区外环鄱阳湖区水域的面积总体上呈现减小的趋势。通过对目前在富营养化水体提取方面应用广泛的定量法以及水体指数法对比分析,提出适合于环鄱阳湖区的富营养化水体提取模型。对5-10月份环鄱阳湖区的Landsat系列卫星影像进行K-T变换,依据变换后的亮度、绿度、湿度分量以及NDVI指数建立环鄱阳湖区水域的富营养化提取模型,并详细阐述了阈值选取的方法。结合环鄱阳湖区主要的水质监测站的水质数据对提取结果进行分析,发现该提取结果与实测数据相符,提取精度较高。对环鄱阳湖区水体富营养化现象进行分析,发现环鄱阳湖区的富营养化现象主要集中在主湖区的南部,并且随着水域的范围变化,有向北部移动的趋势,南昌市的周围湖泊也经常出现富营养化现象。在丰水期,康山乡附近出现富营养化现象的频率也较大。环鄱阳湖区水域的富营养化现象均在10Km2以上,面积最大时不超过25km2,整体上富营养化现象的面积在15km2上下波动。
[Abstract]:Water resources are essential elements of human life and production, and are closely related to human beings, so the study of water resources is very important. The Poyang Lake region contains not only the main lake area of Poyang Lake, but also the main lake area of Poyang Lake. It also includes a vast area of the "five major rivers" that enter the lake-end region, covering a large number of farmland and towns, flood and waterlogging in the study area, and drought. The phenomenon of eutrophication has a great impact on the production and life of human beings. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the eutrophication in the waters and water bodies around the Poyang Lake region. The MSS image and Landsat TM image from 1976 to 2011, HJ satellite image from 2009 to 2009 and Landsat8 image from 2009 to 2009 are selected as the basis. The images are preprocessed by geometric correction, atmospheric correction, splicing, tailoring and so on. According to the characteristics of all kinds of images, the water body extraction model based on HJ satellite CCD image and the water body extraction model based on Landsat series satellite were established to extract water body around Poyang Lake region. The water body extraction accuracy of all images was above 80%. Through the study of the annual and interannual changes of the water body, the temporal and spatial changes of the water body can be realized. The area of the southern Junshan Lake, Qinglan Lake, Yao Lake and other large lakes have little change during the periods of high water and low water. The main reasons for the changes in the area of waters around the Poyang Lake region are the human reclamation of the lake, the building of the lake and the raising of fish by cofferdam, etc. At the same time, the change of the area of the water area is also affected by climatic factors such as precipitation. In normal years, In addition to the main lake region, the area of the Poyang Lake area has a general decreasing trend. By comparing and analyzing the quantitative method and the water body index method, which are widely used in the extraction of eutrophication water at present, A eutrophication water extraction model suitable for the Poyang Lake region is proposed. The Landsat series satellite images around the Poyang Lake region in May and October are transformed by K-T transform according to the brightness and green degree of the transformed images. The eutrophication extraction model of the waters around Poyang Lake region is established by humidity component and NDVI index, and the method of selecting threshold value is expounded in detail. The extraction results are analyzed based on the water quality data of the main water quality monitoring stations in the Poyang Lake region. It is found that the extraction result is consistent with the measured data, and the extraction accuracy is high. The eutrophication phenomenon of the water body around Poyang Lake region is analyzed, and it is found that the eutrophication phenomenon in the Central Poyang Lake region is mainly concentrated in the southern part of the main lake area. And as the range of the waters changes and there is a tendency to move northward, eutrophication often occurs in lakes around Nanchang. The eutrophication phenomena in the waters around Poyang Lake area are above 10 km ~ 2, and the area of eutrophication is not more than 25 km ~ 2 when the area is the largest, and the area of eutrophication phenomenon fluctuates about 15 km ~ 2 as a whole.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P332;X87

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