内蒙特大沙尘暴重金属暴露及风险评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 03:11

本文选题：沙尘暴　切入点：TSP　出处：《现代预防医学》2017年21期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的研究特大沙尘人群重金属暴露水平及健康风险。方法以内蒙二连浩特2016年3月的一场特大沙尘暴为例,对该地成人进行随机抽样,最终选取300名研究对象,对其进行微环境-时间活动模式(micro-environmental and time activity patterns,METAP)调研,并监测其所处环境的总悬浮颗粒物(Total Suspended Particulate,TSP)浓度及其中的重金属含量。然后利用METAP法估算了人群的平均暴露水平,并据此开展了健康风险评估。结果 METAP法估算出牧民TSP的平均暴露水平(2.153 mg/m~3)高于室内办公人员(0.629 mg/m~3)的结果,而且二者浓度均远远低于直接利用室外环境浓度估算的结果(10.064 mg/m~3)。进一步的健康风险评估结果显示,特大沙尘期户外活动占多数的男性牧民存在铬、砷暴露的致癌风险(10~(-4))。结论 METAP法显示沙尘期户外步行、骑车并未做任何防护措施人群(ⅰ)的TSP暴露水平明显比乘车及戴口罩者高(ⅱ),同时人群ⅰ的健康风险高于人群ⅱ。研究表明METAP法可以体现不同类型人群的实际暴露水平,比直接采用环境浓度法更为精确。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the large crowd of dust exposure level and health risk of heavy metals in Inner Mongolia Erenhot in March 2016. A heavy sandstorm for example, random sampling of the adult, finally selected 300 subjects, the micro environment of the time activity pattern (micro-environmental and time activity patterns, METAP) research, and monitoring the total suspended particles in the environment (Total Suspended, Particulate, TSP) and the concentration of heavy metal content. Then the estimated average exposure level of the crowd by using the METAP method, and accordingly developed a health risk assessment. The results of METAP method to estimate the average exposure level of herdsman TSP (2.153 mg/m~3) is higher than that of indoor office staff (0.629 mg/m~3) results, and two concentrations are far lower than the direct use of outdoor concentration estimation results (10.064 mg/m~3). The health risk assessment further The results showed that large dust during outdoor activities accounted for the majority of men are herdsmen chromium, carcinogenic risk of arsenic (10~ (-4)). Conclusion METAP method showed that the dust of outdoor walking, cycling did not do any protective measures in (I) exposure to TSP is more obvious than wearing masks and riding high (II). At the same time, the health risk is higher than the crowd, I. Research shows that METAP method can reflect the actual level of exposure to different types of people, the environment than the direct concentration method is more accurate.

【作者单位】：中国矿业大学(北京);中国环境科学研究院;
【基金】：国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201509040) 国家自然科学基金(31471803)
【分类号】：R12

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