农业景观生物多样性功能和保护对策

发布时间：2018-03-05 07:27

本文选题：农业景观　切入点：生物多样性保护　出处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：研究表明,农业集约化生产和农业景观均质化导致农业景观生物多样性降低,致使生物多样性相关野生资源保护、自然授粉、害虫调节、水土涵养等生态系统服务功能受损,进而影响了农业可持续发展。本文对国内外农业景观生物多样性及其生态系统服务功能研究和实践进行了综述。分别探讨了农业景观在生物多样性保护、授粉服务、调节服务、水土涵养等多方面生态服务功能中发挥的作用及其生物多样性保护的意义,总结了欧美在农业景观生物多样性保护所采取的实践措施,指出中国虽然在生物多样性保护方面做出很多努力,但却忽略了对农业景观的保护,近些年的城市化和集约化发展都进一步加剧了农业景观生物多样性的丧失,亟需借鉴欧美国家经验提出我国的农业景观生物多样性保护策略。我们认为保护和提高农业景观生物多样性的生态集约化对维护农作物产量,改善品种具有重要的作用。农业景观生物多样性保护需要从农田生态系统和农业景观两个尺度上开展农业景观综合管理,提高农田作物和景观植物多样性和异质性,恢复和提高生物多样性及其生态服务功能。最后,针对我国农业可持续发展面临的问题和需求,建议从政策和法规、监测和评估、工程技术研发、技术集成示范、生态补贴制度、培训和推广等方面,开展农业景观生物多样性保护。
[Abstract]:The results showed that intensive agricultural production and homogenization of agricultural landscape resulted in the decrease of biodiversity of agricultural landscape, which resulted in the loss of ecosystem services such as biodiversity related wild resources conservation, natural pollination, pest regulation, soil and water conservation, and so on. In this paper, the research and practice of agricultural landscape biodiversity and ecosystem service function at home and abroad are summarized, and the protection of biodiversity, pollination service and regulation service of agricultural landscape are discussed respectively. The function of soil and water conservation and other ecological service functions and the significance of biodiversity conservation are summarized. The practical measures taken by Europe and America in the protection of agricultural landscape biodiversity are summarized. It is pointed out that although China has made a lot of efforts in biodiversity conservation, it has neglected the protection of agricultural landscape. The urbanization and intensive development in recent years have further aggravated the loss of biodiversity in agricultural landscape. It is urgent to draw lessons from the experience of European and American countries to put forward the strategies of protecting the biodiversity of agricultural landscape in China. The conservation of agricultural landscape biodiversity requires the integrated management of agricultural landscape from the two scales of farmland ecosystem and agricultural landscape, so as to improve the diversity and heterogeneity of crop and landscape plants. Finally, in view of the problems and needs of sustainable agricultural development in China, it is suggested that policies and regulations, monitoring and evaluation, engineering technology research and development, technology integration and demonstration, Ecological subsidy system, training and promotion, and other aspects of agricultural landscape biodiversity protection.
【作者单位】：农业部农业生态与资源保护总站;中国农业大学资源与环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41671181) 农业应对气候变化能力建设项目(2014127)资助~~
【分类号】：S181

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