稀土矿区环境调查SMAIMA方法体系、评价模型及其应用——以赣南离子吸附型稀土矿山为例

发布时间：2018-03-05 12:22

  本文选题：离子吸附型稀土矿山　切入点：环境效应　出处：《地球学报》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文以赣南典型稀土矿区为重点调查研究对象,以岩(矿)石-风化壳-尾矿-水为系统,采用多学科多方法协同,对离子吸附型稀土(简称iRee)资源开采涉及到的水资源-环境效应进行了系统研究。提出了对采矿过程中的环境效应进行调查、检测、评估的工作方法体系,即:野外调查(S)—实验测试(M)—特征分析(A)—指标体系构建(I)—模型研究(M)—综合评价(A),简称SMAIMA工作法。自2011年以来连续6年分季度系统采集550多件样品,积累了近3万个可靠数据,为iRee矿区及周边水质采样、特征分析、水污染源鉴别提供了依据。通过对iRee矿区及周边地表水中REE及理化指标时空变化特征的综合分析,查明了污染的原因、途径。建立了针对iRee矿区的水环境质量评价指标体系,构建了针对iRee矿区的水环境模糊综合评价模型。在水环境评价的基础上,针对赣南稀土矿区的环境特点,进一步构建了包括自然地理、基础地质、开发占地以及地质环境在内4大类、13小类的二级评价指标体系,首次研建了基于支持向量机(SVM)的iRee矿山环境效应定量评价模型。运用该评价模型,对龙南、安远、寻乌三个不同类型的稀土矿区(以龙南代表重稀土矿区、以安远代表中稀土矿区、以寻乌代表轻稀土矿区)的矿山环境进行了综合评价分级,进而提出了iRee矿山环境保护和治理恢复的对策建议。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the typical rare earth mining areas in south Jiangxi are taken as the focus of investigation and research, and the system of rock (ore) stone, weathered crust and tailings is taken as the system, and multi-disciplinary and multi-method cooperation is adopted. In this paper, the effects of water resources and environment related to ion adsorption rare earth (iRee) resource mining are systematically studied. A working method system for investigation, detection and evaluation of environmental effects in mining process is put forward. That is, field investigation, experimental test, characteristic analysis, index system construction, model study, comprehensive evaluation (SMAIMA) method. Since 2011, more than 550 samples have been collected in a quarterly system for six consecutive years, and nearly 30 000 reliable data have been accumulated. This paper provides a basis for sampling, characteristic analysis and identification of water pollution sources in and around iRee mining areas. The causes of pollution are found through the comprehensive analysis of the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of REE and physicochemical indexes in iRee mining area and its surrounding surface water. The evaluation index system of water environment quality for iRee mining area is established, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of water environment for iRee mining area is constructed. Based on the evaluation of water environment, the environmental characteristics of rare earth mining area in south Jiangxi are analyzed. A secondary evaluation index system including natural geography, basic geology, development land occupation and geological environment is further constructed. A quantitative evaluation model of iRee mine environment effect based on support vector machine (SVM) is developed for the first time. Using this model, three different types of rare earth mining areas, Longnan, Anyuan and Xunwu, are studied. Taking Anyuan as representative of middle rare earth mining area and Xunwu as light rare earth mining area, the comprehensive evaluation and classification of mine environment are carried out, and the countermeasures and suggestions for environmental protection and restoration of iRee mine are put forward.
【作者单位】： 中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所;中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院;江西省赣南地质调查大队;
【基金】：中国地质调查局项目(编号:201200010063;1212011220804;DD20160056;DD20160055;DD20160346) 中央公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(编号:K1209)联合资助~~
【分类号】：X82
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本文编号：1570215