基于不同营养级生物毒性测试对天津市不同水体的水质安全评价

发布时间：2018-03-05 15:20

本文选题：小球藻　切入点：大型蚤　出处：《天津理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大量化学品的滥用和各种化学污染物的随意排放,致使城市景观水体的污染日益严重,景观水体的水质安全研究则显得尤为重要。本文旨在建立基于不同营养级生物毒性的测试方法,测试天津市多种水体的生物毒性,并结合TU值法、水质安全分级评价和基于SSD曲线的生态风险评价等方法,对不同水体进行水质安全评价,以期为水环境保护和水质综合评价指标的制定提供基础数据支持。本研究以小球藻、大型蚤和发光菌分别代表生产者、消费者和分解者三个营养级,借助微孔板优化小球藻生长抑制试验和大型蚤致死试验,建立不同营养级生物毒性测试方法。研究结果表明,使用孔板法后,实验效率显著提高,同时参照物的用量大大减少。孔板法测试Hg2+、Zn2+、苯酚对小球藻的EC50值和大型蚤的LC50值分别为1.10、2.25、240.70 mg/L和0.023、0.62、9.98 mg/L。Hg2+、Zn2+和苯酚对发光菌光强抑制的EC50值分别为0.028、0.19和38.30 mg/L。采集天津市某生态湿地公园、某人工生态湿地项目、某再生水厂、津河和独流减河多个水体水样对小球藻、大型蚤和发光菌的毒性测试结果分别为:0-22.66、0-11.34和0-23.50 mg/L EQCPhenol以及0-103.39、0-26.01和0-17μg/L EQCHg2+。生态湿地公园和人工生态湿地项目的潜流湿地处理工艺,以及再生水厂的RO处理工艺对水质的净化效果最好,水质生物毒性下降明显。津河从上游到下游的水质生物毒性变化不大,且毒性较低。独流减河从上游到下游的生物毒性较高,且呈逐渐增大趋势,并入独流减河的各种排污河加剧了水体的生物毒性。本研究结合TU值法、水质安全分级评价和生态风险评价对各水样进行水质安全评价,并将各方法的评价结果进行对比分析。TU值法的评价结果表明,各采样点的平均TU值均小于0.4,属于I类、无毒。在水质安全分级评价中,基于EQCPhenol的水质安全分级评价结果为:Z4、Z5、J1和J2均为A级,S3-S5、K3-K4、Z1-Z3、J3-J4和L1均为B级,S1-S2、K1-K2和L2-L5均为C级。基于苯酚SSD曲线的综合生态风险评价结果中,生态湿地公园进水S1的综合生态风险为14.47%,出水S5降至2.46%,低于HC5;人工生态湿地项目进水K1的综合生态风险为30.77%,出水K4的降至5.49%,接近HC5;再生水厂进水Z1的综合生态风险为2.09%,出水Z5降为零;津河J1-J4的综合生态风险分别为0.58%、0.87%、0.99%和1.12%,均低于HC5;独流减河L1-L5的综合生态风险分别为8.11%、13.80%、13.05%、15.06%和29.94%,均高于HC5,而且有逐渐增大的趋势。各水样的综合生态风险评价结果与水质安全分级评价等级之间有较好的相关性,综合生态风险在10%-35%之间对应的安全等级为C级;综合生态风险在0.9%-10%之间对应的安全等级为B级;综合生态风险在0-0.9%之间对应的安全等级为A级。水样的DOC和UV254值均与生态风险评价和水质安全分级评价结果有较好的相关性,其中与UV254值的相关性更好,表明水体中水质生物毒性可能与大分子有机物和芳香族化合物的存在有关。总体来看,同一采样点对不同受试生物的毒性测试结果存在一定差异,基于不同营养级生物毒性的测试方法,可以深层次发掘生态保护过程中的潜在风险,更加全面、综合的评价水质安全。3种水质安全评价方法中,基于EQCPhenol的水质安全分级评价方法和基于苯酚SSD曲线的生态风险评价方法的评价效果较好,评价结果可以很好的表征天津市多种水体的水质生物毒性差异,是对多种水体水质安全评价的有效手段。
[Abstract]:Random discharge of a large number of chemicals and abuse of various chemical pollutants, resulting in city landscape water pollution is becoming increasingly serious, the landscape water safety research is particularly important. This paper aims to establish a test method based on different trophic level biological toxicity, biological toxicity test a variety of water in Tianjin City, and combined with the TU value method, water quality safety grade assessment based on the SSD curve and the ecological risk assessment methods for water quality and safety evaluation of different water bodies, with a view to the development of water environment protection and water quality comprehensive evaluation index to provide the basic data support. In this study, Chlorella, Daphnia and luminescent bacteria representing producers, consumers and decomposers three trophic levels, with the aid of micro plate optimization Chlorella lethal test test and Daphnia growth inhibition, the establishment of different trophic level biological toxicity test method. The results show that the orifice method after use At the same time, significantly improve the efficiency of experiment, reference bothdecreased. Well microtiter plate test Hg2+, Zn2+, EC50 and phenol on Chlorella Daphnia LC50 values were 1.10,2.25240.70 mg/L and 0.023,0.62,9.98 mg/L.Hg2+, Zn2+ and phenol on the luminescent bacteria inhibition intensity EC50 values were 0.028,0.19 and 38.30 mg/L. acquisition of an ecological wetland park in Tianjin City, an artificial wetland ecological project, a reclaimed water plant, Tianjin River and Duliujian River water samples of a plurality of Chlorella, Daphnia and the luminescent bacteria toxicity test were: subsurface wetland treatment process of 0-22.66,0-11.34 and 0-103.39,0-26.01 and mg/L and 0-23.50 EQCPhenol 0-17 g/L EQCHg2+. ecological wetland park and artificial wetland ecological projects, and a reclaimed water treatment process on RO water purification effect of the best water quality, biological toxicity decreased significantly. Tianjin River from upstream to downstream water quality Biological toxicity changes little, and the toxicity is low. Duliujian River from upstream to downstream biological toxicity, and increased gradually, all kinds of sewage into the river Duliujian River exacerbated the water biological toxicity. This study combined with TU value method, water quality and safety evaluation and ecological risk assessment of water quality and safety evaluation of all of the samples, and the evaluation method to evaluate the results of the comparative analysis of.TU value method. The results showed that the average sampling point TU values were less than 0.4, which belongs to the I class, non-toxic. In water quality safety evaluation, the evaluation results of EQCPhenol for water quality safety classification based on Z4, Z5, J1 and J2 are a, S3-S5, K3-K4, Z1-Z3, J3-J4 and L1 were B, S1-S2, K1-K2 and L2-L5 were grade C. Based on the comprehensive ecological risk of phenol SSD curve in the evaluation results, the comprehensive ecological risk ecological wetland park water S1 water is 14.47%, S5 to 2.46%, less than HC5; The comprehensive ecological risk of artificial wetland ecological water project of K1 is 30.77%, the effluent K4 decreased to 5.49%, close to HC5; the comprehensive ecological risk of reclaimed water influent Z1 is 2.09%, the effluent Z5 reduced to zero; the comprehensive ecological risk of Jinhe River J1-J4 were 0.58%, 0.87%, 0.99% and 1.12%, were lower than HC5; ecological risk Duliujian L1-L5 were 8.11%, 13.80%, 13.05%, 15.06% and 29.94%, were higher than that of HC5, but also has a gradually increasing trend. The comprehensive ecological risk assessment results of all samples have good correlation between water quality and safety grade assessment level, safety grade comprehensive ecological risk in 10%-35% and corresponding C for the security level; the general level of ecological risk in 0.9%-10% corresponding to the B level; the security level of integrated ecological risk in the 0-0.9% between the corresponding to a sample. DOC and UV254 were related to the ecological risk assessment of water quality and safety grade evaluation results are Good correlation, which has better correlation with the UV254 value of the biological toxicity in water may show that the water quality and high molecular weight organic compounds and aromatic compounds exist. Overall, the same sampling points of different different test results of biological toxicity testing methods, not with the biological toxicity of trophic level based on can the potential risk of deep excavation in the process of environmental protection more comprehensive, comprehensive evaluation of water quality and safety of.3 for water quality safety evaluation method, water quality and safety classification evaluation method and EQCPhenol ecological risk assessment evaluation method the effect of phenol SSD curve based on the evaluation results of water quality can be better based on the biological toxicity of good difference characterization of Tianjin variety water, is the effective means of evaluation of a variety of water quality safety.

【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X824;X835

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