环境污染与公共服务对居民健康的影响分析

发布时间：2018-03-15 20:29

本文选题：居民健康　切入点：环境污染　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国大规模雾霾事件在多地频频发生,这给居民健康带来了极大的负面影响。研究我国环境污染对居民健康的影响情况,以及寻求更多有助于改善我国居民健康状况的解决途径成为了众多学者和政策制定者关注的热点。本文首先从健康人力资本理论与健康需求理论出发,探讨健康的影响因素,从理论上讨论了环境污染与公共服务对健康的影响机制。其中,环境污染通过加速健康资本的折旧给人们健康带来不利影响,教育公共服务、卫生医疗公共服务等因素通过不同的方式积极作用于居民健康。为研究环境污染与公共服务对我国居民健康状况的影响状况,以Grossman健康需求函数为基础,根据已有研究以及我国现实情况,本文建立宏观健康生产函数,并利用我国30个省市1993-2015年的面板数据,将其划分为东中西三个区域进行实证研究。根据实证检验结果,我国环境污染最为严重的区域是中部地区,其次是西部地区和东部地区;环境污染对东部和中部区域的居民健康状况都会产生明显的不利影响,西部地区的这种情况并不显著。公共服务方面,在东部地区,提高人均受教育年限和增加普通高校学生老师比,尤其是提高人均教育年限,对该区域的健康状况有明显积极影响,增加投入的医生数量也能改善居民健康状况;在中部地区,增加普通高校学生老师比显得更为重要,环境污染的治理也可以明显对健康产生积极作用;在西部地区,虽然环境污染对健康的影响不明显,但其死亡率在各区域中最高,通过提高人均受教育年限以及增加床位的供应,可以明显改善区域健康状况,另外,环境污染治理的投资也有助于改善该区域的健康状况。需要注意的是,提高普通高校生师比需要以现实情况为条件。其他影响因素方面,当前阶段,除了北京、天津、上海和江苏外,其他26个省市的人均GDP增长与居民健康之间呈现负相关关系,这从侧面反映了相应省市公共服务的发展情况;另外,人口密度的提高有益于区域居民健康,城市化水平的提高则与居民健康之间呈现负相关的关系。据此,我国不同区域地方政府可以根据现实情况通过侧重采取不同类型的公共服务来改善其居民健康状况。
[Abstract]:In recent years, large-scale haze events have occurred frequently in many places in China, which has brought great negative effects to the health of residents. It has become a hot topic for many scholars and policy makers to seek more ways to improve the health status of Chinese residents. Firstly, this paper discusses the influencing factors of health based on the theory of health human capital and the theory of health demand. The influence mechanism of environmental pollution and public service on health is discussed theoretically. Among them, environmental pollution has adverse effects on people's health by accelerating depreciation of health capital, and educates public service. In order to study the influence of environmental pollution and public service on the health status of Chinese residents, the health demand function of Grossman is used as the basis. According to the existing research and the reality of our country, this paper establishes the macro health production function, and divides it into three regions of east, west and west by using the panel data of 30 provinces and cities from 1993 to 2015. The region with the most serious environmental pollution in China is the central region, followed by the western region and the eastern region. The environmental pollution will have a significant adverse impact on the health status of the residents in the eastern and central regions. This is not a significant situation in the western region. In the area of public service, in the eastern region, increasing the average number of years of education and the ratio of students to teachers in ordinary colleges and universities, especially the increase in the number of years of education per capita, There is a clear positive impact on the health of the region, and an increase in the number of doctors invested can also improve the health of the population; in the central region, it is more important to increase the number of students and teachers in general colleges and universities. The treatment of environmental pollution can also have a significant positive effect on health; in the western region, although the impact of environmental pollution on health is not obvious, the mortality rate is the highest in all regions. Health conditions in the region can be significantly improved by increasing the number of years of schooling per capita and by increasing the availability of beds. In addition, investment in environmental pollution control can also contribute to improving the health situation in the region. To improve the ratio of college students to teachers, we need to take the actual situation as the condition. In terms of other influencing factors, except Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Jiangsu, there is a negative correlation between the per capita GDP growth and the health of residents in 26 other provinces and cities, except Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Jiangsu. This reflects the development of public services in the corresponding provinces and cities. In addition, the increase of population density is beneficial to the health of regional residents, and the increase of urbanization level is negatively related to the health of residents. Local governments in different regions of China can improve the health status of their residents by focusing on different types of public services.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R12

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