纳米银在大豆体内的累积及食物链传递风险评估

发布时间：2018-03-20 11:21

  本文选题：纳米银　切入点：大豆　出处：《安徽农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着AgNP产品的广泛运用,被释放到生态环境中的AgNP已经不可避免,并会对环境中的生物造成潜在风险,因此我们有必要对纳米银的环境行为展开研究。本文选取AgNP为研究对象,重点研究了AgNP对植物的生物有效性以及食物链传递规律:首先在实验室合成了稳定性较好的AgNP;考察了AgNP对大豆生长过程中的光合系统Ⅱ的影响;研究了在不同暴露途径下大豆对AgNP吸收转运的影响;分析了Ag NP在生菜-蜗牛食物链传递中的传递规律,以及蜗牛在水相暴露中对AgNP的积累,并建立生物动力学模型。最后进行了同位素109AgNP和Ag2S-NP的暴露实验。主要研究成果如下:(1)大豆水培暴露AgNP和AgNO3,AgNP及AgNO3浓度分别设置为0、1、5、10 mg·L-1和0、0.1、0.5、1 mg·L-1。测定了AgNP及AgNO3处理对大豆生物量的影响以及测定大豆叶片中的叶绿素含量,运用叶绿素荧光技术分析了AgNP和AgNO3处理对大豆光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的影响。实验结果发现,高浓度AgNP、AgNO3处理组的大豆地上部和地下部生物量与空白对照组相比分别降低了36.8%、40.5%和32.8%、36.6%;高浓度AgNP、AgNO3处理组大豆叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量与空白对比分别降低了25.2%、22.8%和31.5%、23.3%。同时AgNP及AgNO3处理会降低大豆叶片PSⅡ系统的活性。(2)大豆在叶面暴露,根系暴露和综合暴露三种途径下暴露于10 mg·L-1AgNP和1 mg·L-1 AgNO3,主要考察不同暴露途径下AgNP及AgNO3在大豆各组织中的吸收和转运。结果表明大豆新叶中积累的总银含量为0.06-1.03μg·g-1,仅叶面暴露的大豆的根部积累总银含量为1.07-1.47μg·g-1,即AgNP能够从叶面转运至地下部。大豆叶面暴露AgNP对应的迁移系数远低于根部暴露AgNP的迁移系数(0.002 vs.0.28)。不论暴露途径,AgNP处理的迁移系数均小于AgNO3处理(0.002-0.28 vs.0.011-0.71)。本研究表明暴露途径和Ag形态均会对大豆新叶中Ag的积累量及转运过程产生影响。(3)研究了蜗牛对AgNP以及AgNO3的食物相、水相暴露试验,研究结果表明,蜗牛对AgNP和AgNO3的同化效率分别为73.3%和76%,AgNP和AgNO3处理组的IR分别为0.11±0.03 g·g-1·d-1和0.07±0.02 g·g-1·d-1。蜗牛水相暴露后AgNP处理组的水相吸收速率常数远小于AgNO3处理组(2×10-4 vs.0.12 L·g-1·d-1)。在食物相和水相试验的基础上建立生物动力学模型,该模型预测显示在两种暴露模式中食物相对AgNP在蜗牛体内累积的贡献远大于水相所做的贡献(Rfood90%),这说明了在陆地生态系统中AgNP有沿着食物链传递的潜在风险。(4)通过同时进行叶面暴露相同浓度(0.2 mg·L-1)的同位素标记的109AgNP和根部暴露不同浓度(10,20,50 mg·L-1)的Ag2S-NP,考察同位素107Ag和109Ag在大豆体内的积累,计算大豆不同部位中109Ag和107Ag的比例,并设计了高浓度组叶片到蜗牛的食物链传递试验,研究表明大豆经过叶面暴露的叶片中109Ag的比例为90.9-95%,未经过叶面暴露的叶片中109Ag比例为28.4-43.9%,根系109Ag仅占3%左右。迁移系数表明根系暴露的107Ag主要积累在根部,叶面暴露的109Ag更倾向于迁移至地下部。在食物链传递过程中银的同位素107Ag的比例由71.6%升为79.0%,说明107Ag在传递过程中更具有优势。
[Abstract]:With the wide use of AgNP products, was released to the ecological environment in AgNP is inevitable, and will cause a potential risk to the environment in biology, so it is necessary for us to study environmental behavior of nano silver. This paper chooses AgNP as the research object, focusing on the study of AgNP on the bioavailability of plant and food chain transfer law first synthesized in the laboratory better stability of AgNP; the effects of AgNP on growth of soybean in the process of photosystem II; studied under different exposure pathway of soybean on absorption of AgNP; the analysis of the transfer law of Ag NP in the food chain transfer of lettuce - snail, snails in water and exposure accumulation of AgNP, and the establishment of bio kinetic model. Finally the exposure experiment isotope 109AgNP and Ag2S-NP. The main results are as follows: (1) soybean hydroponic exposure of AgNP and AgNO3, AgNP and AgN The concentration of O3 AgNP and AgNO3 are respectively provided with determination of treatment effects on soybean biomass and determination of chlorophyll content in soybean leaves was 0,1,5,10 mg, L-1 0,0.1,0.5,1 and Mg L-1., analyzed AgNP and AgNO3 treatment on soybean using chlorophyll fluorescence technique of photosystem II (PS II). The experimental results showed that high concentration of AgNP AgNO3 treatment group, soybean shoot and root biomass compared with the blank control group were reduced by 36.8%, 40.5% and 32.8%, 36.6%; the high concentration of AgNP, AgNO3 group of soybean chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content compared with the blank respectively decreased 25.2%, 22.8% and 31.5%, 23.3%. and AgNP and AgNO3 treatment to reduce the activity of soybean leaf PS II system. (2) in soybean leaf root exposure, exposure and three exposure pathways under exposure to 10 mg L-1AgNP and 1 mg L-1 AgNO3, AgNO3 AgNP and the effects of different exposure pathways Uptake and translocation in different tissues in soybean. The results showed that the total content of silver accumulation of soybean in the new leaves of 0.06-1.03 g g-1, the total content of silver accumulation only exposed the roots of soybean leaf for 1.07-1.47 g g-1, AgNP can be transported to the underground part. From the leaf of soybean leaf exposed migration coefficient corresponding to AgNP far below the root exposed migration coefficient AgNP (0.002 vs.0.28). Both routes of exposure, migration coefficient of AgNP treatment was less than AgNO3 treatment (0.002-0.28 vs.0.011-0.71). This study shows that exposure pathways and morphology of Ag are accumulation of soybean leaves in Ag and the transferring process influence. (3) Research on the snail AgNP and AgNO3 food, water exposure test, the results show that the assimilation efficiency of AgNP and AgNO3 were 73.3% and 76% snails, AgNP and AgNO3 group IR were 0.11 + 0.03 g g-1 + 0.02 D-1 and 0.07 G - g-1 - d-1. snail The absorption of aqueous AgNP treatment group the rate constant is much smaller than that of AgNO3 group after exposure to water (2 x 10-4 vs.0.12 L - g-1 - D-1). The establishment of bio kinetic model based on the test of food and water, the model shown in the two exposure relative to the AgNP model in the cumulative contribution of food in the body is far greater than the water snails the contributions (Rfood90%), which indicates that in terrestrial ecosystems AgNP along the potential risk of food chain. (4) at the same time by the same concentration of foliar exposure (0.2 mg L-1) of the isotope labeled 109AgNP and roots exposed to different concentrations (10,20,50 mg L-1) Ag2S-NP, 107Ag isotope study and 109Ag in soybean accumulation, calculation of 109Ag and 107Ag in different parts of soybean proportion, and the design of the high concentration group leaves to the snail food chain transfer test, studies showed that 109Ag soybean leaves after leaf exposed in The ratio of 90.9-95%, without 109Ag blades exposed in a ratio of 28.4-43.9%, root 109Ag accounted for only about 3%. The migration coefficient showed that the root exposed 107Ag mainly accumulated in roots, leaves exposed 109Ag tend to migrate to the underground part. In the process of silver isotope 107Ag food chain ratio increased from 71.6% to 79% and that 107Ag has more advantages in the transfer process.

【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X56;X82

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