环境正义视阈下的企业环境责任研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 09:32

本文选题：环境正义　切入点：企业环境责任　出处：《山东建筑大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：企业作为社会生产力的主要推动者,对环境造成的污染破坏不容忽视,生态环境日益恶化的今天,如何减缓生态恶化,保护人类的生存环境成为人们关注的焦点。本文拟以环境正义为视角,采用文献分析、案例分析等方法来阐述企业环境责任的发展脉络,并通过分析赵金涛、刘俊海等人的学术观点,阐明企业是实现低碳环保任务的主力军,履行环境责任,积极推动节能减排,实现企业绿色经营是发展低碳经济的基本途径,也是企业在享受权利的同时必须履行的义务。本文的主要研究意图就是为了唤醒企业的环保意识,积极主动也好,强制被动也罢,推动企业切实履行环境责任,完善环境制度是根本目的。环境正义的存在是以环境资源的需求性与稀缺性为前提的,同时,环境作为一种公共资源,不具备私有性,很容易被滥用,造成公地悲剧。在环境良好的时候,人们争相利用环境资源以谋取属于自己的最大利益,一旦环境遭到破坏,却没有人会主动去保存或修复它。不管从温茨的同心圆理论还是罗尔斯的正义论,我们可以看出,环境正义的实质是公平分配环境利益与环境负担。企业积极环境责任正是环境正义的表现,然而企业的主要目的在于利润而不是责任,责任甚至是企业唯恐避之不及的。因此,本文对企业环境责任的理解侧重责任的强制性,企业在生产经营过程中应当对生态环境的一系列影响负责,包括生产前、生产过程中以及生产完成后的所有环节,并对产品实行终身究责制,要求企业科学利用资源,从源头上减少资源的浪费,生产过程中提高能源资源的利用率,产品回收阶段实现对资源的再利用,从而有效保护环境,贯彻以人为本的科学发展观,最终实现经济利益与生态环境的协调发展。环境正义的存在为企业履行环境责任提供了必要性支持,是企业积极履行环境责任的伦理支撑和法理基础。近年来,雾霾、沙尘等大气污染严重影响了人们的生活,仅2016年政府就发布了多次停工停学的通知,使得企业自身的环保任务再次成为大众讨论的热点。企业环保意识的欠缺与环保设施的不健全,以及对废水废渣等污染物的零处理排放再次被推至风口浪尖。通过分析海尔和青岛啤酒两个案例展示企业环境效益与经济效益双赢的事迹,做好产前设计、产中控制、产后回收再利用,是提高能源资源利用率的基本途径,也是实现生产发展和生态良好和谐局面的必经之路。最后部分主要从国家、政府、企业以及公民四个方面来阐述推进企业履行环境责任的对策建议,具体表现在完善相关法律规范、加强政府监管与执行力度、鼓励企业绿色发展与提高公民维权意识四个方面。外部强制、内部约束、群众监督,共同促进企业环境责任的履行与实施,撸起袖子加油干,一起促进生态环境的和谐有序发展。
[Abstract]:As the main promoter of social productivity, the pollution damage caused by enterprises to the environment can not be ignored. Today, when the ecological environment is deteriorating day by day, how to slow down the ecological deterioration, The protection of human living environment has become the focus of attention. This paper, from the perspective of environmental justice, uses literature analysis, case analysis and other methods to explain the development of corporate environmental responsibility, and through the analysis of Zhao Jintao, According to the academic viewpoint of Liu Junhai and others, enterprises are the main force to realize the task of low carbon environmental protection, to fulfill their environmental responsibilities, to actively promote energy saving and emission reduction, and to realize green management of enterprises are the basic ways to develop low carbon economy. It is also an obligation that enterprises must perform while enjoying their rights. The main research intention of this paper is to awaken the environmental protection consciousness of enterprises, whether actively or passively, and to promote the enterprises to fulfill their environmental responsibilities conscientiously. The existence of environmental justice is based on the demand and scarcity of environmental resources. At the same time, as a kind of public resources, the environment is not private, so it is easy to be abused. The tragedy of the Commons. When the environment is good, people scramble to use environmental resources for their own best interests, once the environment is destroyed, But no one will take the initiative to preserve or repair it. Whether we look at Wintz's concentric circle theory or Rawls's theory of justice, we can see, The essence of environmental justice is the fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens. The positive environmental responsibility of enterprises is the manifestation of environmental justice. However, the main purpose of enterprises is to make profits rather than responsibilities. In this paper, the understanding of corporate environmental responsibility focuses on the mandatory nature of responsibility. Enterprises should be responsible for a series of impacts on the ecological environment in the process of production and operation, including all links before, during and after the completion of production. The system of lifelong accountability for products requires enterprises to use resources scientifically, reduce the waste of resources at the source, improve the utilization of energy resources in the production process, realize the reuse of resources in the stage of product recovery, and thus effectively protect the environment. Carrying out the scientific development view of people-oriented and realizing the coordinated development of economic interests and ecological environment finally, the existence of environmental justice provides the necessary support for enterprises to fulfill their environmental responsibilities. In recent years, haze, dust and other air pollution have seriously affected people's lives. In 2016 alone, the government issued a number of suspension notices. So that the enterprise's own environmental protection task has once again become a hot topic of public discussion. The lack of environmental awareness and the unsound environmental protection facilities in enterprises, And the zero treatment discharge of waste water and other pollutants is again pushed to the top of the wave. By analyzing two cases of Haier and Tsing Tao Beer to show the deeds of the enterprise's environmental and economic benefits, we should do a good job of prenatal design and control in production. Post-natal recycling and reuse is the basic way to improve the utilization of energy and resources, and is also the only way to achieve production development and ecological harmony. The last part mainly comes from the state and the government. Enterprises and citizens to elaborate four aspects to promote the implementation of environmental responsibility of enterprises countermeasures and suggestions, specifically reflected in the improvement of relevant legal norms, strengthen government supervision and enforcement, Encouraging the green development of enterprises and raising citizens' awareness of protecting their rights. External coercion, internal constraints, mass supervision, joint promotion of the implementation and implementation of corporate environmental responsibilities, and rolling up their sleeves to work hard. To promote the harmonious and orderly development of the ecological environment.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X322;F270

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