新疆策勒不同下垫面大气降尘时空分布特征

发布时间：2018-03-30 08:51

本文选题：大气环境　切入点：降尘　出处：《干旱区研究》2017年06期

【摘要】：认识大气降尘的时空分布规律对研究大气污染、植物生长及当地居民的健康具有重要意义。通过对野外降尘量和平均风速的观测,运用实验分析、统计分析等方法对策勒县域流沙前缘、新开垦地、固定沙地、绿洲内部不同下垫面的降尘进行研究。结果表明:策勒县的降尘主要出现在春夏两季,最大降尘量为2 985.587 g·m-2,位于新开垦流沙地,最小降尘量为1 077.621 g·m-2,位于绿洲内部,且新开垦流沙地降尘量约为绿洲内部的2.77倍;降尘量随着平均风速的增大而减小,并随着静风时间的增长先增大后减少。降尘物质组成成分含量从大到小依次为:极粗粉砂、粗粉砂、极细砂、中粉砂、细粉砂、极细粉砂、细砂、黏土;除了草原站的分选性较差以外,其余几个观测点降尘物的分选性属于中等分选性;流沙地、新开垦未种植流沙地、固定沙地、热瓦克、绿洲内部和大县城降尘物质偏度和峰态都呈负(细)偏、中等峰态,草原站呈负(细)偏、窄峰态,表明植被的覆盖度和高度及农田绿洲化程度会对大气降尘产生重要影响。
[Abstract]:Understanding the temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric dust is of great significance to the study of air pollution, plant growth and the health of local residents. Through the observation of dust fall amount and average wind speed in the field, the experimental analysis is used. Statistical analysis and other methods were used to study the dust fall on the front edge of quicksand, newly reclaimed land, fixed sand land and different underlying surfaces in the oasis. The results show that the dust fall mainly occurs in spring and summer in Cele County. The maximum dedusting amount is 2 985.587 g m ~ (-2), and the minimum dust fall is 1 077.621 g m ~ (-2), which is about 2.77 times of that in the oasis, and decreases with the increase of the average wind speed, and the maximum dust fall is 2 985.587 g m ~ (-2), and the minimum dust fall is 1 077.621 g m ~ (-2). With the increase of the time of static wind, the composition of dustfall materials increases first and then decreases. The composition of dustfall material is: very coarse silt, coarse silt, very fine sand, medium silt, fine silt, very fine silt, fine sand, clay; In addition to the poor sorting performance of grassland stations, the other several observation points have a moderate separation of dust-reducing materials; quicksand fields, newly reclaimed uncultivated quicksand fields, fixed sand fields, and Jewark, The dedusting material deviation and peak state in oasis and big county are both negative (fine), middle peak and grassland station are negative (fine) and narrow peak, which indicates that the vegetation coverage and height and the oasis degree of farmland will have important influence on the dust fall in the atmosphere.
【作者单位】：新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院/新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源重点实验室;中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所;新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站;乌鲁木齐职业大学应用工程学院;
【基金】：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2016I035) 新疆师范大学博士科研启动基金项目(XJNUBS1527) 国家自然科学基金项目(41601595,41661002,41661047) 国家科技支撑计划项目“塔里木河下游退化生态系统恢复重建技术研发与示范”(2014BAC15B02)资助
【分类号】：X513

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