钝顶螺旋藻Spirulina platensis应用于海水冲厕污水中营养盐类污染物处理的研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 13:50

本文选题：海水冲厕　切入点：污水分类收集　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随城市化进程的加快以及污染的加剧,淡水资源短缺已成为世界发展的首要问题。而在大多数城市居民仍使用清洁淡水资源冲厕,占普通家庭用水总量的20—35%,这使得本身就日渐匮乏的淡水资源更加宝贵,海水经简单处理后便可做为一种经济的替代水源应用于冲厕,香港自上世纪五十年代起就已将海水冲厕投入规模应用,已覆盖全香港80%的人口。目前,在香港海水冲厕后污水即黑水直接排放至市政污水处理厂与其他污水混合后经活性污泥统一处理后深海排放,海水会将整个混合污水系统的盐度提高至0.9%,严重抑制生物处理过程,对生物除磷过程的影响尤为严重,对于排海总磷浓度现仍缺失相关标准。此外,海水冲厕污水的集中处理影响了城市的灰水循环。钝顶螺旋藻Spirulina platensis作为一种具有经济价值的微藻可以耐受高达70g/LNaCl的盐度,在处理含盐污水方面具有很大的潜能,国内外已有大量将钝顶螺旋藻应用于污水处理的研究报道。本研究参照香港国际机场海水冲厕后污水(黑水)与灰水分类收集汇总的方法,将两股水分别按1:0、7:3、5:5、3:7的比例混合,并将钝顶螺旋藻投加于混合污水中,以实现污水中营养盐类污染物的去除,同时兼顾生物质的收获利用。提出了使用钝顶螺旋藻处理海水冲厕污水的方案。实验结果表明钝顶螺旋藻在四组混合污水中均可以生长,同时可实现污水中CODCr、NH_4~+-N、TN、TP的去除。混合比为3:7的污水水质与香港污水处理厂进水水质相近,此混合污水经钝顶螺旋藻处理后出水CODCr、NH_4~+-N、TN、TP浓度依次为 193.80 mg O_2/L、2.76 mg/L、2.77 mg/L、0.26 mg/L,出水的 NH_4~+-N、TN浓度远低于香港地区污水处理厂的排放要求,CODCr出水浓度未达到香港地区排放要求,TP出水浓度已达到内陆排放要求。各实验组中钝顶螺旋藻生物量以及对NH_4~+-N、TN、TP的去除率均随混合污水中黑水比例的上升而减小,对CODCr的去除率却与之相反。SPSS聚类分析将各组中上述五个参数分为两类(生物量以及NH_4~+-N、TN、TP去除率、CODCr去除率),利用综合指标进行评价,发现当混合比为7:3时钝顶螺旋藻对营养盐的处理效果最好,其对CODcr、NH_4~+-N、TN、TP 的去除率分别可达 90.02%、82.61%、79.96%和 93.35%,但出水总氮浓度未达到香港地区的排放标准,可通过后期投加高效除氮菌提高除氮效果。相关性分析的结果表明盐度为影响钝顶螺旋藻生长、细胞组成以及吸收利用营养盐类污染物的主要因素。利用Martinez Sancho动力学模型对各盐度污水中的NH_4~+-N浓度与钝顶螺旋藻生物量进行拟合,从动力学的角度上阐明了外界盐度升高对钝顶螺旋藻生长和吸收利用污水中氨氮的影响。外界环境的盐度升高首先影响钝顶螺旋藻光反应系统,导致电子传递链的中断,继而影响钝顶螺旋藻生长、细胞成分组成、PS合成以及对污水中营养盐类污染物的吸收利用。本论文具有广阔的应用前景,为海水冲厕后污水的分类收集和生物处理以及钝顶螺旋藻的商业化培养提供了一个新的方案。
[Abstract]:With the city to speed up the process and increasing pollution, shortage of water resources has become the most important issue of the development of the world. But in most city residents still use the clean fresh water resources total amount of water for flushing, ordinary family of 20 - 35%, which makes itself increasingly scarce water resources is more valuable, the water after simple treatment can be done for an economical alternative sources of water used in flushing, Hongkong since the last century since 50s has been put into large-scale application of sea water for flushing, has covered 80% of Hongkong's total population. At present, in Hongkong seawater flushing sewage after the Blackwater emissions directly to municipal sewage treatment plants, mixed with other sewage after discharge of deep-sea activated sludge for centralized handling the sea, will be the whole mixed sewage system of salinity increased to 0.9%, seriously inhibit the biological process of biological phosphorus removal process is particularly serious, for the discharge of total phosphorus concentration The degree is still lack of relevant standards. In addition, the centralized processing of seawater toilet flushing sewage affected grey water recycling city. Spirulina platensis of Spirulina as a kind of economic value of microalgae can tolerate up to 70g/LNaCl salinity in saline wastewater treatment has great potential, there are a large number of domestic and foreign will be applied to the study of Spirulina platensis reports of sewage treatment. This study refers to the Hong Kong International Airport after seawater flushing sewage (Blackwater) method and grey water classification collection, two strands of water according to the proportion of 1:0,7:3,5:5,3:7, and will be added to the mixed wastewater blunt top spirulina, in order to achieve the removal of nutrient pollutants in sewage, both the biomass harvest and utilization. The use of seawater toilet flushing sewage treatment scheme of Spirulina platensis. Experimental results show that Spirulina platensis in four groups of mixed sewage can be Growth can be achieved at the same time in the sewage CODCr, NH_4~+-N, TN, TP removal. The mixed ratio of sewage 3:7 and Hongkong sewage treatment plant influent water quality is similar to that of the mixed wastewater by Spirulina effluent CODCr, NH_4~+-N, TN, TP concentrations were 193.80 mg O_2/L, 2.76 mg/L, 2.77 mg/L, 0.26 mg/L and the water NH_4~+-N, TN emission concentration is far below the Hongkong sewage treatment plant, CODCr effluent concentration did not reach Hongkong area emission requirements, TP effluent concentration has reached inland emissions requirements. The biomass of Spirulina platensis in each experimental group as well as NH_4~+-N, TN, the removal rate of TP increased with the proportion of mixed wastewater in water decreases, the removal rate of CODCr was the opposite of.SPSS clustering analysis in each group of the above five parameters are divided into two categories (biomass and NH_4~+-N, TN, TP removal rate, the removal rate of CODCr), was evaluated by comprehensive index, found When the mixing ratio of treatment effect on nutrients of Spirulina in the best 7:3, the CODcr, NH_4~+-N, TN 82.61%, TP removal rate could reach 90.02%, 79.96%, and 93.35%, but the effluent total nitrogen concentration in Hongkong area did not reach the emission standards, through the late addition of high nitrogen removal bacteria to improve nitrogen removal effect. The result of correlation analysis showed that salinity influence the growth of Spirulina platensis, cellular components and absorption factors using nutrient pollutants. To fit the salinity in wastewater NH_4~+-N concentration and biomass of Spirulina platensis using Martinez Sancho dynamic model, from the angle of dynamics is expounded on the use of external salinity influence the growth of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater and the absorption of Spirulina platensis. Increase of the ambient salinity the effect of Spirulina platensis light reaction system, leading to the interruption of the electron transfer chain, then the impact of Spirulina The growth of spirulina, cell components, PS synthesis and on water absorption and utilization of nutrient pollutants. This paper has a broad application prospect, for the seawater flushing wastewater collection and classification of biological treatment and spirulina commercial culture provides a new solution.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703

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