城市街道空气污染物扩散模型综述

发布时间：2018-03-31 16:31

本文选题：街道峡谷　切入点：空气质量　出处：《应用生态学报》2017年03期

【摘要】：城市街道是城市居民的活动场所,其空气质量与居民健康密切相关.空气污染扩散模型是模拟和评估街道空气质量的重要方法,近年来广受关注,但模型应用存在问题,亟待解决.本文介绍了4种常用的空气污染物扩散模型:ENVI-met、FLUENT、MISKAM和OSPM.通过工作原理、运算流程、时空分辨率等的对比分析,明确了各模型的适用范围及其对街道峡谷内空气质量模拟能力的差异,阐述了各模型在时间尺度、物理建模、天气模拟、湍流模拟及光化学污染方面处理能力的局限性,提出了模型优化途径.通过综合分析4种模型的研究案例,总结了模型应用中存在的问题,提出未来研究可以通过激光雷达等新技术提高模型参数的获得精度,并强调综合模拟污染效应与热效应等对评估城市街道空气质量的重要性.
[Abstract]:City street is the activity place of city residents, and its air quality is closely related to residents' health.Air pollution diffusion model is an important method to simulate and evaluate street air quality, which has attracted much attention in recent years. However, there are some problems in the application of the model, which need to be solved urgently.In this paper, four kinds of commonly used air pollutant diffusion models:: ENVI-metamorph fluent MISKAM and OSPM are introduced.Through the comparative analysis of working principle, operation flow, space-time resolution and so on, the application scope of each model and the difference of its ability to simulate air quality in street canyons are clarified, and the time scale, physical modeling, weather simulation of each model are expounded.The model optimization approach is proposed for the limitation of the ability to deal with turbulence simulation and photochemical pollution.By synthetically analyzing the research cases of four models, this paper summarizes the problems existing in the application of the model, and points out that the new techniques such as lidar can improve the accuracy of the model parameters in the future.The importance of synthetically simulating pollution effect and heat effect in evaluating urban street air quality is also emphasized.
【作者单位】：中国科学院生态环境研究中心;中国科学院大学;重庆市农业科学院生物技术研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41430638)、国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31500381)资助国家重点研究和发展计划项目(2016YFC0503003)~~
【分类号】：X51

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