抗抑郁类药物在水环境中的污染及生态毒性

发布时间：2018-04-01 20:34

本文选题：抗抑郁药　切入点：水环境　出处：《高校化学工程学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：抗抑郁药是一类较常见的精神类处方药物。随着化学分析水平的不断提高,痕量水平的药物活性成分及其副产物被广泛发现存在于污染水体中,成为一类重要的水体污染物。目前,常用的抗抑郁类药物(如阿米替林、氟西汀、舍曲林等)均已在城市污水及其它环境水样中被检测到。为了引起社会对水体抗抑郁药污染的关注,并积极采取抗抑郁类药物污染的防治措施,保护鱼类资源和水生系统,综述介绍了水体中抗抑郁药的污染现状、污染特征,并系统分析了其对水生生物的生态毒性。首先,对其污染现状的分析表明:抗抑郁类精神药物在城市污水的收纳水体、沉积物以及水生生物组织中的含量介于ng至μg×L~(-1)或ng至μg×kg~(-1);城市污水处理厂及医院污水处理厂,被认为是精神类药物最重要的来源;该类药物在生物组织中具有一定的富集能力,具有潜在的慢性毒性效应。其次,对其生态毒性的资料分析表明:环境浓度的抗抑郁药对水生生物不会造成急性致死效应,但是能够影响生物的正常生长发育,扰乱生物体体内的内分泌功能,导致生殖器官、生殖机能和生殖行为异常,长期暴露会严重干扰水生生物的物种繁衍,对水生生态系统甚至人类健康具有潜在的威胁。近年来国际上对于抗抑郁药这类新兴污染物的研究逐渐增多,但在我国的研究仍处于起步阶段,深入的了解具有较高生物活性的抗抑郁类药品在我国城市水系统中的迁移转化规律,鉴定饮用水中的抗抑郁类药物种类与残留水平,阐明这类新兴有毒污染物对水生生物的潜在毒性效应阈值,对于保障城市水质资源和水环境的健康发展将具有十分重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Antidepressants are one of the most common psychiatric prescription drugs. With the increasing level of chemical analysis, trace levels of active components and their by-products have been widely found in polluted water. At present, common antidepressants (such as amitriptyline, fluoxetine, fluoxetine, Sertraline etc.) has been detected in municipal sewage and other environmental water samples. In order to arouse the attention of society to the pollution of antidepressants in water, and to take active measures to prevent and control the pollution of antidepressants, the fish resources and aquatic systems are protected, The pollution status and pollution characteristics of antidepressants in water were reviewed and their ecological toxicity to aquatic organisms were systematically analyzed. The contents of sediments and aquatic organisms ranged from ng to 渭 g 脳 L ~ (-1) or ng to 渭 g 脳 kg ~ (-1); municipal sewage treatment plants and hospital sewage treatment plants were considered to be the most important sources of psychotropic substances; and the drugs had a certain enrichment capacity in biological tissues. Second, the analysis of the ecological toxicity data shows that the environmental concentration of antidepressants does not cause acute lethal effects on aquatic organisms, but can affect the normal growth and development of organisms. Disrupting the endocrine function of organisms, leading to abnormal reproductive organs, reproductive functions and reproductive behaviors, and long-term exposure will seriously interfere with the reproduction of aquatic species, It is a potential threat to aquatic ecosystem and even human health. In recent years, the research on antidepressants and other emerging pollutants has gradually increased, but the research in China is still in its infancy. To deeply understand the migration and transformation of antidepressants with high biological activity in the urban water system of China, and to identify the types and residues of antidepressants in drinking water. It is of great practical significance to clarify the threshold of potential toxic effects of these new toxic pollutants on aquatic organisms to ensure the healthy development of urban water resources and water environment.
【作者单位】：上海大学环境与化学工程学院;上海大学射线应用研究所;上海大学生命科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41430644,31470554,41673103) 长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT13078)
【分类号】：X131.2

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