污水处理厂二级出水回用于景观用水的生物安全性评价

发布时间：2018-04-11 07:26

本文选题：成组生物毒性测试 + 叶绿素荧光动力学试验　；参考：《天津理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,水体污染日益加剧,水质安全备受关注。生物毒性测试利用受试生物某些特定指标的变化,相比于传统水质检测指标,更直观地反映污染物对生态环境和人类健康造成的潜在性影响。不同生物对有毒污染物具有不同的致毒机理和反应敏感度,将多种生物毒性测试组合应用,发展成组生物毒性测试方法,可以更全面地反映水体中所有共存污染物的综合生物毒性特征,更有效地评价水体的生物安全性。首先,本文基于成组生物毒性测试法总结了无脊椎动物、藻类和细菌等受试生物,对比分析不同急性毒性试验、慢性毒性试验、致畸致突变试验等组成的测试方法,综述了潜在生物毒性效应指数法、毒性单位分级评价法、水质安全分级法和综合生物标志物响应指数法等评价方法及其在不同水体中的应用研究进展。其次,考虑到水体中污染物致毒机理的不同,选取三种生物毒性测试方法(藻类荧光动力学参数试验、SOS/umu试验和基因重组酵母测试)为成组生物毒性测试方法。根据Logistic分布SSD模型推导出了苯酚、4-NQO和雌二醇三种阳性参照物的预测无效应浓度(PNEC)分别为121.96μg/L,1.18μg/L,6.47 ng/L。利用样品毒性当量与PNEC的比值定义毒性指标,并建立安全分级评价,同时对样品进行健康风险评价补充水质生物安全性评价方法。最后,对污水处理厂二级出水在人工湿地中的水样和某再生水厂水样的生物毒性进行评价。研究结果表明,湿地公园L和湿地公园T的水质情况相近,整体水质在安全分级评价中达到B级。对水体的急性毒性当量进行了非致癌风险评价,遗传毒性当量和内分泌干扰效应当量进行了致癌风险评价,人工湿地T和L的致癌风险评价值与非致癌风险评价值均低于USEPA公布的社会人群可接受风险值10-6/a。再生水厂的进水和粗滤环节后的水样毒性分级为C,其中遗传毒性当量较高,均超过了PNEC4-NQO。连续微滤、一级反渗透和二级反渗透水样的毒性分级为B级,连续微滤环节对遗传毒性去除效果明显。再生水厂最后出水的致癌风险评价值和非致癌风险评价值均小于两处人工湿地。综上,成组生物毒性测试可以对水体中污染物不同的生物毒性效应进行综合判断,生物性安全性评价方法的实际应用结果与其他同类型的研究基本一致,但方法简便易懂,可以作为未来水质安全评价的方法补充。
[Abstract]:In recent years, water pollution is becoming more and more serious, and water quality safety has attracted much attention.Compared with the traditional water quality test, biotoxicity test can directly reflect the potential impact of pollutants on ecological environment and human health.Different organisms have different toxic mechanism and reaction sensitivity to toxic pollutants.It can more comprehensively reflect the comprehensive biological toxicity characteristics of all co-existing pollutants in the water body and evaluate the biological safety of the water more effectively.First of all, based on the biotoxicity test method, this paper summarized the test methods of invertebrate, algae and bacteria, and compared and analyzed the test methods of different acute toxicity test, chronic toxicity test, teratogenicity mutagenesis test and so on.In this paper, the potential biotoxicity index method, toxicity unit classification method, water quality safety classification method and comprehensive biomarker response index method are reviewed and their applications in different water bodies are reviewed.Secondly, considering the different toxic mechanism of pollutants in water, three biotoxicity testing methods (algal fluorescence kinetic parameter test and recombinant yeast test) were selected as group biotoxicity test methods.According to the SSD model of Logistic distribution, the predictive noneffective concentrations of phenol 4-NQO and estradiol are 121.96 渭 g / L ~ (-1) ~ (18 渭 g / L ~ (-1)) ~ (6.47) ng 路L ~ (-1), respectively.The toxicity index was defined by the ratio of sample toxicity equivalent to PNEC, and the safety grading evaluation was established. At the same time, the health risk assessment was used to supplement the biological safety assessment method of water quality.Finally, the biological toxicity of the secondary effluent from the wastewater treatment plant in constructed wetland and the water sample of a reclaimed water plant was evaluated.The results showed that the water quality of wetland park L and wetland park T was similar, and the overall water quality reached B grade in safety grading evaluation.The non-carcinogenic risk assessment of acute toxicity equivalent, genetic toxicity equivalent and endocrine disrupting effect equivalent of water body were carried out.T and L of constructed wetland were lower than 10 ~ (-6) / a of acceptable risk value of social population published by USEPA.The toxicity classification of water samples after inlet and coarse filtration in the reclaimed water plant is C, and the genetic toxicity equivalent is higher than that of PNEC4-NQO.Continuous microfiltration, first reverse osmosis and secondary reverse osmosis water samples were classified as B grade, and the effect of continuous microfiltration on genotoxicity removal was obvious.The carcinogenic risk assessment value and non-carcinogenic risk evaluation value of the final effluent of the reclaimed water plant are smaller than those of the two constructed wetlands.In conclusion, group biotoxicity tests can comprehensively judge the biological toxicity effects of different pollutants in water bodies. The practical application results of biological safety assessment methods are basically consistent with other studies of the same type, but the methods are simple and easy to understand.It can be used as a supplement for water quality safety assessment in the future.
【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826;X703

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