中国农村生活垃圾的产生量与物理特性分析及处理建议

发布时间：2018-04-16 22:38

本文选题：垃圾 + 农村　；参考：《农业工程学报》2017年15期

【摘要】：中国农村生活垃圾对生态环境的污染日益严重,为给农村生活垃圾的管理提供相应的理论支撑和技术支持,促进"新农村"的建设,该文基于对西部6省18县59村580户农户的现场调研和全国25个省(市)128篇文献调研的数理统计,对中国农村生活垃圾的来源、产生率、产生量、组分、容重、可压缩性等特征进行了全面、系统的归纳总结与分析。结果表明:中国农村生活垃圾产生率介于0.034~3.000 kg/(人·d)之间,中位值为0.521 kg/(人·d),2014年产生量达到1.48亿t,具有来源广泛且分散、产率低、产量高、增长迅速、区域差异显著等特点。生活垃圾主要组分包括厨余类、灰土类、橡塑类和纸类,其湿基质量累计百分比达到了83.61%,区域差异显著;与城市生活垃圾组分相比,具有低厨余和金属、高灰土含量的特点,并逐渐趋于城市化。生活垃圾的容重介于40~650 kg/m~3之间,平均值为263 kg/m~3,可压缩性较好。根据生活垃圾特性,在实施"村收集-镇运输-县处理"管理模式的农村,建议采用压缩式中转站和垃圾车进行收运;在有条件的农村地区,可逐步开展垃圾分类收集,将厨余和灰土从生活垃圾中分离后就地消纳。
[Abstract]:The pollution of rural domestic waste to the ecological environment is becoming more and more serious in China, which provides corresponding theoretical and technical support for the management of rural domestic waste, and promotes the construction of "new countryside".Based on the field investigation of 59,580 farmers in 59 villages in 18 counties in 6 provinces of western China and the mathematical statistics of 128 articles in 25 provinces (cities) of China, the source, production rate, production capacity, composition, bulk density of domestic garbage in rural areas of China are studied.The compressibility and other characteristics are summarized and analyzed comprehensively and systematically.The results showed that the production rate of rural domestic waste in China was between 0.034 ~ 3.000 kg / (man dd), with a median value of 0.521 kg / r. (the output reached 148 million t in 2014, which had the characteristics of wide and dispersed sources, low yield, high yield, rapid growth and significant regional difference.The main components of MSW include kitchen waste, lime-soil, rubber-plastic and paper-type. The accumulated percentage of wet base mass reaches 83.61, and the regional difference is significant. Compared with the components of municipal domestic waste, it has the characteristics of low kitchen waste, metal content and high lime-soil content.And gradually tend to urbanization.The bulk density of MSW is between 40 ~ 650 kg/m~3 and the average value is 263 kg / m ~ (3). The compressibility of MSW is good.Based on the characteristics of domestic waste, in rural areas where the management model of "village collection, town transportation and county treatment" is implemented, it is recommended that compressed transit stations and garbage trucks be used for collection and transportation; in rural areas where conditions exist, garbage collection can be carried out step by step.Separate kitchen waste and lime-soil from domestic waste and absorb them locally.
【作者单位】：地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室(成都理工大学);国家环境保护水土污染协同控制与联合修复重点实验室(成都理工大学);农业部沼气科学研究所;西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院;西藏大学理学院;中国城市建设研究院有限公司;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41602240) 中国博士后科学基金项目(2016M592646) 四川省科技计划项目(No.2016JY0107&2017ZR0044) 中国农业科学院科技创新工程西藏自治区科技计划重点科技项目(Z2016C01G01106)
【分类号】：X799.3

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