大数据在生态环境领域的应用进展与展望

发布时间：2018-04-16 23:15

本文选题：大数据 + 生态环境　；参考：《应用生态学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：随着互联网和移动通讯技术的发展,生态环境领域从信息采集到加工处理也进入信息化和数字化时代,数据量呈现爆发式增长,生态环境大数据受到越来越多的关注.生态环境大数据是在对生态环境要素"空天地一体化"连续观测的基础上,集成海量的多源多尺度信息,借助云计算、人工智能及模型模拟等大数据分析技术,实现生态环境大数据的集成分析和信息挖掘.生态环境大数据存在数据来源多样、涉及部门广;数据采集方式不统一;服务对象众多、对专业化服务要求高等特点.大数据已在生态环境领域得到了初步应用,如在全球气候变化预测、生态网络观测与模拟和区域大气污染治理等方面作用明显.目前我国生态环境大数据的发展还存在诸多问题,包括数据共享难、监测技术落后、传感器等监测设备严重依赖进口、数据集成和深度分析能力不足等.随着大数据技术的进步,未来大数据在解决生态环境健康问题、提高重大生态环境风险预警预报水平、提高生态环境领域科学研究水平等方面都将发挥巨大作用.大数据将最终实现生态环境管理决策定量化、精细化,生态环境信息服务多样化、专业化和智能化,为中国社会经济可持续发展和生态文明建设提供技术保障.
[Abstract]:With the development of Internet and mobile communication technology, the field of ecological environment from information collection to processing and processing has also entered the information and digital era, the amount of data has explosive growth, ecological environment big data has received more and more attention.Ecological environment big data is based on the continuous observation of "integration of space and heaven", integrates massive multi-source and multi-scale information, and makes use of such technologies as cloud computing, artificial intelligence and model simulation, etc.Realize the integration analysis and information mining of ecological environment big data.Big data has a variety of data sources, involving a wide range of departments; data collection methods are not uniform; many service objects, high demand for specialized services, and so on.Big data has been applied in the field of ecological environment, such as global climate change prediction, ecological network observation and simulation, regional air pollution control and so on.At present, there are still many problems in the development of Chinese ecological environment big data, including difficult data sharing, backward monitoring technology, heavy dependence on imports of monitoring equipment such as sensors, insufficient ability of data integration and depth analysis, and so on.With the development of big data's technology, big data will play an important role in solving ecological environment health problems, raising the level of early warning and forecasting of major ecological environment risks, and improving the scientific research level in ecological environment field in the future.Big data will finally realize the quantification, refinement, diversification, specialization and intelligence of ecological environment information service, which will provide technical guarantee for the sustainable development of Chinese society and economy and the construction of ecological civilization.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室;中国科学院大学;信阳农林学院;
【基金】：青海生态系统服务功能监测与价值评估项目(2013-N-556) 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2012CB417103) 四川省林业厅项目(2009-204)资助~~
【分类号】：X835

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