模拟河水生物膜反应器修复受污染水体及其微生物群落结构分析

发布时间：2018-04-23 21:06

本文选题：悬浮填料 + 弹性填料　；参考：《江南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国的城镇化建设以及工农业生产的发展,导致地表水污染状况日益严峻。基于2014年无锡市滨湖区蠡河河水水质的调查和监测,针对蠡河污染物质,尤其是氮,采用闷曝排泥法的挂膜方式,开展了模拟河水生物膜反应器的挂膜启动和工艺运行性能研究,并深入探讨了水力停留时间和温度对系统内微生物群落结构和功能菌群的影响,从而筛选出性能良好的生物填料,并确定了反应器的最佳工艺参数,以期为净化蠡河水体,减少流入太湖的营养物质(尤其是氮),实施蠡河生态修复示范工程提供科学依据与技术支持,并可以为其他类似河流生态修复工程提供技术参照。主要研究成果如下:(1)选用悬浮填料和弹性填料,均接种无锡市滨湖区蠡河河流底泥和城北污水处理厂活性污泥,开展模拟河水生物膜反应器的挂膜启动性能研究。结果表明,弹性填料可以有效缩短反应器的挂膜启动过程,运行稳定阶段四组反应器NH+4-N去除率均维持在97%以上,COD_(Mn)去除率维持在80%以上,TN去除率维持在40%~50%之间。稳定阶段弹性填料附着生物膜的活性更高,胞外多聚物(EPS)含量更多且EPS对微生物细胞的聚集作用更强。(2)在挂膜启动稳定运行的基础上探究水力停留时间(HRT)、温度(T)和碳氮比(C/N)对不同填料生物膜反应器运行性能的影响,结合挂膜启动过程,表明在HRT=14.80 h,T=28°C、C/N=11:1运行条件下,系统处理性能最佳。在挂膜启动稳定运行的基础上探究水力停留时间(11.90 h、9.89 h、7.99 h)对不同填料生物膜反应器运行性能的影响,整个运行过程中弹性填料出水明显优于悬浮填料;同一运行工况下弹性填料富集的生物膜具有较高的活性生物量和EPS含量,生物膜结构更为致密,胞外物质更为发达。在挂膜启动稳定运行的基础上探究温度(24°C、18°C、10°C)对不同填料生物膜反应器运行性能的影响。三维荧光光谱类富里酸和类胡敏酸荧光峰强度的增强证实温度对EPS产生了较大影响,但弹性填料EPS中荧光峰始终强于悬浮填料,表明弹性填料生物膜EPS中含有更高的物质浓度,因此低温下弹性填料依然可以维持较高的污染物去除效率且低温下弹性填料附着的生物膜结构仍较为致密。在挂膜启动稳定运行的基础上探究C/N(7:1、11:1、16:1)对不同填料生物膜反应器运行性能的影响。外加碳源可以强化系统的反硝化性能,当系统C/N为11:1时,弹性填料NH+4-N去除率依然保持在90%左右,且NO-3-N出水仅累积到2.5 mg/左右,COD_(Mn)去除率升至90%左右,可见弹性填料在反硝化性能方面有明显优势。(3)高通量测序分析水力停留时间为7.99 h运行条件下四个生物膜样品中的菌群,检测到的氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌分别为亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas)和硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira),其中接种底泥的悬浮填料和弹性填料富集的Nitrosomonas丰度分别为0.29%和0.35%,Nitrospira丰度均为0.47%,接种活性污泥的悬浮填料和弹性填料富集的Nitrosomonas丰度分别为0.87%和1.31%,Nitrospira丰度分别为2.01%和2.21%。检测到的反硝化菌种类较为丰富,其中接种底泥的悬浮填料和弹性填料富集的反硝化菌丰度丰度分别为1.13%和1.81%,接种活性污泥的悬浮填料和弹性填料富集的反硝化菌丰度分别为2.50%和2.98%。同种接种泥条件下,弹性填料较强的生物亲和性可以固定较高比例的脱氮功能菌群,可见弹性填料具有较强的抗冲击负荷性能。高通量测序分析温度为24°C和10°C运行条件下接种底泥的四个生物膜样品中的菌群。当温度由24°C降至10°C时,接种底泥的弹性填料生物膜内Nitrosomonas丰度由1.11%降至0.63%,而悬浮填料Nitrosomonas丰度由0.96%降至0.41%,可见低温下具有较强亲水性的弹性填料依然保存着较高的Nitrosomonas丰度。另外,低温促进了Nitrospira的快速增长,成为系统内的优势脱氮菌群,而反硝化过程极其微弱,并不显著。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of urbanization and the development of industrial and agricultural production in our country have resulted in the increasingly severe surface water pollution. Based on the investigation and monitoring of the water quality of Lihe River in Wuxi, in 2014, the hanging membrane of the simulated river water biofilm reactor was carried out against the pollution material of Lihe River, especially the nitrogen. The effects of the hydraulic retention time and temperature on the microbial community structure and functional bacteria in the system were investigated, and the biological fillers with good performance were screened and the optimum parameters of the reactor were determined, in order to purify the Lihe River and reduce the influx of nutrients (especially nitrogen) to Taihu. The ecological restoration demonstration project of Shi Li River provides scientific basis and technical support, and can provide technical reference for other similar river ecological restoration projects. The main research results are as follows: (1) using suspended filler and elastic filler, inoculating the bottom mud of Lihe River in Wuxi and the activated sludge of the sewage treatment plant in the north of Chengdu City, and carrying out the simulated river water. The results show that the elastic packing can effectively shorten the start-up process of the reactor, and the removal rate of NH+4-N in the four groups of reactors at the stable stage is above 97%, the removal rate of COD_ (Mn) is above 80%, and the removal rate of TN is maintained at 40%~50%. The activity is higher, the content of extracellular polymer (EPS) is more and the aggregation effect of EPS is stronger. (2) the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT), temperature (T) and carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N) on the operating energy of the biofilm reactor with different fillers are studied on the basis of the stable operation of the membrane, and it is shown in the HRT=14.80 h, T=28 [C, and C] in conjunction with the starting process of the membrane. Under the operating conditions of /N=11:1, the performance of the system is the best. The effect of hydraulic retention time (11.90 h, 9.89 h, 7.99 h) on the performance of different packing biomembrane reactors is investigated on the basis of the stable operation of the membrane. The membrane has a higher active biomass and EPS content, the biofilm structure is more compact and the extracellular material is more developed. The effect of temperature (24 C, 18 degree C, 10 degree C) on the performance of the biofilm reactor with different fillings is investigated on the basis of the stable operation of the membrane. The real temperature has a great influence on the EPS, but the fluorescence peak in the elastic filler EPS is always stronger than the suspended filler. It shows that the elastic filler biofilm EPS contains a higher substance concentration. Therefore, the elastic filler can still maintain high pollutant removal efficiency at low temperature and the biofilm structure with elastic filling at low temperature is still relatively dense. The effect of C/N (7:1,11:1,16:1) on the performance of the biofilm reactor with different packing is investigated on the basis of the stable operation of the membrane. The external carbon source can strengthen the denitrification performance of the system. When the system C/N is 11:1, the NH+4-N removal rate of the elastic filler remains at about 90%, and the NO-3-N effluent accumulates only to about 2.5 mg/, and the COD_ (Mn) removal rate rises. To about 90%, the elastic fillers have obvious advantages in denitrification. (3) high throughput sequencing analysis of the four biofilm samples under the hydraulic retention time of 7.99 h, and the detected ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizers are nitrifying monomonas (Nitrosomonas) and nitrifying helix (Nitrospira), respectively. The abundance of Nitrosomonas enrichment was 0.29% and 0.35%, and the abundance of Nitrospira was 0.47%. The abundance of Nitrosomonas was 0.87% and 1.31%, respectively, and the species of denitrifying bacteria detected by Nitrospira were 2.01% and 2.21%. respectively. The abundances of the denitrifying bacteria enriched by the suspended packing and the elastic filler were 1.13% and 1.81%, respectively, and the abundances of the denitrifying bacteria enriched by the suspended packing and the elastic filler were 2.50% and the 2.98%. inoculated mud respectively. The stronger biocompatibility of the elastic filler could be fixed to a higher proportion. Denitrogenation functional bacteria showed strong resistance to impact load. High throughput sequencing analysis of bacteria in four biofilm samples inoculated with sediment under 24 C and 10 C operating conditions. When the temperature was reduced from 24 C to 10 C, the abundance of Nitrosomonas in the biofilm of the elastic filler inoculated to the sediment was reduced from 1.11% to 0.63%, and the suspension was suspended. The abundance of Nitrosomonas was reduced from 0.96% to 0.41%, and the strong hydrophilic elastic filler at low temperature still kept high Nitrosomonas abundance. In addition, the low temperature promoted the rapid growth of Nitrospira and became the dominant denitrification bacteria group in the system, and the denitrification process was very weak and not significant.

【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X52;X172

【参考文献】