我国农作物秸秆资源化利用现状及农户对秸秆还田的认知态度

发布时间：2018-04-26 03:21

本文选题：覆盖还田 + 机械粉碎还田　；参考：《农业环境科学学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：为了了解我国秸秆利用现状,实施了全国性问卷调查,并结合国家统计数据进行分析,研究结果表明:2011年我国9种主要作物(水稻、小麦、玉米、高粱、马铃薯、油菜、向日葵、棉花和甘蔗)的秸秆总产量为778 Mt,其中焚烧27%、还田38%、燃料17%、饲料14%、其他用途4%;山东、河北和河南的还田量之和占全国的一半;还田方式主要是机械粉碎还田,还田量占全国全部还田量的67%。农户支持还田的原因是改善土壤质量和提高作物产量,反对原因是机械成本增加、病虫害加重和影响下季作物种植。因此,应因地制宜发展不同的秸秆资源化利用模式和还田方式,加强技术研发、宣传培训和政策扶持等。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the current situation of straw utilization in China, a national questionnaire survey was carried out, and the results were analyzed with national statistical data. The results showed that: in 2011, 9 main crops (rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, potato, rape) in China, The total straw output of sunflower, cotton and sugarcane) is 778 Mt, of which 27 are burned, 38 are returned to the field, 17 are fuel, 14 are fodder, and 4 are used for other purposes; Shandong, Hebei and Henan together account for half of the total amount of straw returned in the country; and the way of returning farmland is mainly mechanical crushing and returning to the field. Returning farmland accounts for 67% of the total amount returned throughout the country. The reasons for farmers' support for returning to the field are to improve soil quality and increase crop yield, while the opposition is due to the increase of machinery cost, the increase of diseases and pests and the influence of crop planting in the next season. Therefore, it is necessary to develop different utilization modes and return methods of straw according to local conditions, strengthen technology research and development, propaganda and training, policy support, and so on.
【作者单位】：贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院;中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室;济南市环境研究院;贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院;
【基金】：中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目(STS计划);中国科学院青年创新促进会资助项目国家自然科学基金项目(41361091)~~
【分类号】：X712

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