水上目标的毫米波辐射特性建模与实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 09:40

本文选题：被动毫米波 + 辐射计　；参考：《南京理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着可持续发展理念的不断深入,水环境监测保护问题被世界各国日益重视。目前,主要通过可见光、红外等遥感技术进行大范围的水上目标监测。但光学探测方法受天气和环境的影响较大,无法在雨、雾、霾等恶劣条件下正常工作。微波雷达检测方法则克服了上述波段的不足,拥有全天时全天候的工作能力,以被动方式工作的毫米波辐射计可通过接收水面物体的辐射信号辨别不同目标。基于我国水上目标探测的状况及实际需求,利用水面的毫米波辐射特性与典型水上目标的辐射特性存在很大差异这一特点,对水上目标在3mm和8mm两个波段的毫米波辐射特性展开了深入的研究。本文主要研究工作和内容如下:(1)在对毫米波辐射测量和成像的基本原理、典型毫米波辐射计系统和辐射计定标方法介绍的基础上,对天空、水面、金属目标及水面植被等典型目标进行理论建模、计算仿真,比较分析其辐射特性的特点。(2)本文研究应用于水面环境,在前人工作的基础上,设计了毫米波辐射计水面目标检测可视化仿真软件,根据先期水面目标的辐射特性对辐射探测系统进行动态模拟仿真,为水面环境探测实验提供科学依据;研究设计了可在水环境下工作的毫米波辐射计无线数据采集系统,利用此系统在宜兴太湖水域对典型目标进行外场辐射数据测量采集实验,经过对实验数据的分析处理,验证了理论模型研究的正确性,证明了利用毫米波辐射计系统监测水面环境的可行性。(3)在上海崇明海域,对天空、水面、水上典型金属目标和植被目标在3mm和8mm波段的辐射特性进行测量,与太湖水域辐射数据进行比对,研究了典型目标辐射特性在不同环境温度下的特点;组合大量辐射数据的采集分析,对水面荷叶和金属目标进行了矩阵式辐射扫描、插值拟合成像实验。实验结果表明辐射图像能达到更加直观的表现水面目标的物理几何特征,监测水面环境的目的。在对水上典型金属目标和植被目标辐射特性研究的基础上,结合大量辐射数据,开展水面目标区域矩阵式扫描、插值拟合成像的实验研究,为进一步利用毫米波辐射计系统实时监测水面环境提供了理论和数据支持。
[Abstract]:With the development of the concept of sustainable development, the problem of water environment monitoring and protection has been paid more and more attention to all over the world. At present, the main remote sensing technology, such as visible light, infrared, and other remote sensing technology to monitor the wide range of water targets. However, the optical detection method is greatly affected by the weather and environment, and can not work normally under the bad conditions such as rain, fog, haze and so on. The microwave radar detection method overcomes the shortcomings of the above waveband and has the ability to work all day and all weather. The millimeter wave radiometer which works passively can distinguish different targets by receiving radiation signals from water surface objects. Based on the status and actual demand of water target detection in China, the millimeter wave radiation characteristics of water surface are very different from those of typical water target. In this paper, the millimeter wave radiation characteristics of water target in 3mm and 8mm bands are studied. The main work and contents of this paper are as follows: (1) on the basis of the basic principle of millimeter wave radiation measurement and imaging, the introduction of typical millimeter wave radiometer system and radiometer calibration method, The typical targets, such as metal targets and surface vegetation, are modeled, simulated, and their radiation characteristics are compared and analyzed. The visual simulation software of millimeter wave radiometer surface target detection is designed. According to the radiation characteristics of the water surface target, the dynamic simulation of the radiation detection system is carried out, which provides the scientific basis for the water surface environment detection experiment. The wireless data acquisition system of millimeter wave radiometer which can work in the water environment is studied and designed. The system is used to measure and collect the radiation data of typical targets in Taihu Lake, Yixing, and the experimental data are analyzed and processed. The correctness of the theoretical model research is verified, and the feasibility of using millimeter wave radiometer system to monitor the water surface environment is proved. The radiation characteristics of typical metal targets and vegetation targets in the 3mm and 8mm bands were measured and compared with the radiation data of Taihu Lake. The radiation characteristics of typical targets at different ambient temperatures were studied. Combined with a large amount of radiation data acquisition and analysis, the surface lotus leaf and metal target were scanned by matrix radiation, and the experiment of interpolation fitting imaging was carried out. The experimental results show that the radiative image can achieve more intuitively the physical geometric characteristics of the water surface target and monitor the water surface environment. On the basis of studying the radiation characteristics of typical metal targets and vegetation targets on water, combined with a large amount of radiation data, the experimental research on the area matrix scanning and interpolation fitting imaging of water surface targets is carried out. It provides theoretical and data support for the further use of millimeter wave radiometer system to monitor the water surface environment in real time.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U69;X832

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