海底可燃冰开发环境风险多元共治之论证与路径展开

发布时间：2018-04-30 21:12

本文选题：海底可燃冰 + 环境风险　；参考：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年08期

【摘要】：有效规制海底可燃冰开发伴生的多种类型生态环境风险,是保障可燃冰产业健康发展的内在需求。本文的主要目的即在中国现行法律体系规定的多元共治的环境法治理念和制度框架下,研究海底可燃冰开发环境风险多元共治的理论基础、现实必要性及其制度路径。文章主要运用类型化方法来梳理与归纳海底可燃冰开发引致环境风险的具体类型;运用理论分析与价值分析方法,论证海底可燃冰开发环境风险多元共治的必要性;运用法教义学分析、比较分析与系统分析方法,检视与剖析我国传统行政管制模式下的制度体系在规制海底可燃冰开发环境风险中的绩效与利弊,归纳与展开海底可燃冰开发环境风险多元共治的制度路径。本文的基本结论是,传统环境管制模式难以有效治理海底可燃冰开发引致的新型环境风险,当前我国所创新的环境多元共治模式,可以矫正政府单维管制海底可燃冰开发环境风险中的缺陷、弥补"监管之法"在规制海底可燃冰开发环境风险中的疏漏、克服单一行政命令方式在规制海底可燃冰开发环境风险中的困境,系统构建海底可燃冰开发环境风险多元治理体系。在完善行政监管和推进私人治理两个层面对海底可燃冰开发环境风险多元共治的基础上提出具体建议。在完善行政监管层面,我国《环境保护法》《海洋环境保护法》等法律规范经过拓展解释适用,仍然因为规制路径的间接性、零散性而产生内生弊端,亟待专门立法;在推进私人治理层面,多元共治机制分为多元主体参与机制与诉讼机制,应重视通过鼓励环保公益组织、可燃冰行业协会与私人等多元主体采取多元参与和私益诉讼方式,以发挥其在规制海底可燃冰开发环境风险中的综合效用。
[Abstract]:Effective regulation of various types of ecological environmental risks associated with the development of combustible ice on the sea floor is the inherent demand for ensuring the healthy development of combustible ice industry. The main purpose of this paper is to study the theoretical basis, practical necessity and institutional path of environmental risk management in the development of benthic combustible ice under the framework of the concept and system of environmental rule of law stipulated by the current legal system of China. This paper mainly uses the typology to sort out and conclude the specific types of environmental risks caused by the exploitation of submarine combustible ice, and demonstrates the necessity of multivariate co-treatment of environmental risks in the development of submarine combustible ice by means of theoretical analysis and value analysis. By means of doctrinal analysis, comparative analysis and systematic analysis, this paper examines and analyzes the performance, advantages and disadvantages of the system system under the traditional administrative control mode in regulating the environmental risk of the development of seabed combustible ice. This paper summarizes and develops the institutional path of multivariate co-management of environmental risk in the development of submarine combustible ice. The basic conclusion of this paper is that the traditional environmental control model is difficult to effectively control the new environmental risks caused by the exploitation of flammable ice on the seabed. It can correct the defects of the government's one-dimensional regulation on the environmental risk of the development of flammable ice on the sea floor, and make up for the omission of the Law of Supervision in regulating the environmental risk of the development of the flammable ice under the sea floor. In order to overcome the dilemma of single administrative order in regulating the environmental risk of seabed combustible ice development, the system is constructed to deal with the environmental risk of seabed combustible ice development. On the basis of perfecting administrative supervision and promoting private governance, this paper puts forward some concrete suggestions on multivariate co-management of environmental risk in the development of seabed combustible ice. At the level of perfecting administrative supervision, the legal norms such as "Marine Environment Protection Law" of our country have been expanded and applied, but they still produce endogenetic malpractice because of the indirectness and fragmentation of the regulation path, which need to be legislated specially. At the level of promoting private governance, the pluralistic co-governance mechanism can be divided into multi-subject participation mechanism and litigation mechanism. We should pay attention to the adoption of multiple participation and private interest litigation by encouraging environmental protection public welfare organizations, flammable ice industry associations and private individuals. In order to play its comprehensive effect in regulating the environmental risk of seabed combustible ice development.
【作者单位】：华侨大学法学院;
【基金】：中国法学会2016年度部级法学研究课题“21世纪海上丝绸之路区域能源合作法律问题研究”(批准号:CLS(2016)D157) 华侨大学2014年度“海上丝绸之路”专项研究重点课题“能源海上丝绸之路安全保障法律机制研究”(批准号:HSZD2014-05)
【分类号】：D922.68;X741

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