搅拌式废旧橡胶连续裂解设备的设计与实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 07:53

本文选题：废旧橡胶 + 电磁加热　；参考：《青岛科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的快速发展和科技的不断创新,橡胶制品产业得到蓬勃发展。与此同时,废旧橡胶作为新一类的固体垃圾对生态环境构成了严重威胁。在我国橡胶资源严重短缺的情况下,如何实现废旧橡胶的高值化利用至关重要。历经几十年的探索,裂解技术被公认是处理废旧橡胶问题的最佳途径之一。废旧橡胶的裂解技术不仅实现了污染物的零排放,还可以实现裂解气、燃料油、炭黑等高焓值资源的回收再利用。既实现了固体垃圾的资源化处理,又可以产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益。本文通过对废旧橡胶裂解技术发展状况的分析,对比不同裂解工艺及设备的优缺点,提出了一种新型热源提供方式—电磁裂解。设计了一套搅拌式废旧橡胶连续电磁裂解设备。该裂解设备采用双螺杆结构进行物料推送,配合单螺杆出料装置,可实现废旧橡胶的连续裂解;双螺杆的相互啮合解决了熔融态物料的高粘性堵塞问题;利用电磁感应加热特性,缩短了温升时间,实现了温度的精确控制,提高了设备的生产效率。依据电磁感应加热原理和橡胶熔融态流动特性,对裂解设备的腔体结构和螺旋结构进行了合理设计。通过Maxweell软件与Workbench软件之间的耦合计算,分析了裂解设备的涡流损耗值及温升分布情况。经过分析,验证了电磁感应加热技术作为裂解热源的可行性,可为废旧橡胶裂解提供稳定可靠的裂解温度。改变设备工艺参数,得到了不同的电磁场分布云图、温度分布图,认为:线圈排列紧密、适当减少裂解腔体壁厚,减小线圈与裂解腔体之间距离,可得到更好的加热效果。通过调整运行工艺参数,进行了多次废旧橡胶的裂解实验。综合分析实验数据,测定裂解产物组成,对比橡胶裂解状况,得出了废旧橡胶的最佳裂解温度与能耗。实验表明,本课题研究的废旧橡胶电磁裂解设备处理量大且能连续生产,具有快速高效、操作稳定、裂解效果好、成本低、节能环保等优点。相关的设计和结论为今后连续电磁裂解设备的进一步研究提供了参考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the innovation of science and technology, the rubber products industry is booming. At the same time, waste rubber as a new kind of solid waste poses a serious threat to the ecological environment. Under the serious shortage of rubber resources in China, how to realize the high value utilization of waste rubber is very important. After decades of exploration, pyrolysis technology is recognized as one of the best ways to deal with the problem of waste rubber. The pyrolysis technology of waste rubber can not only realize the zero emission of pollutants, but also realize the recovery and reuse of high enthalpy resources such as cracking gas, fuel oil and carbon black. It can not only realize the disposal of solid waste, but also produce huge economic and social benefits. By analyzing the development of waste rubber pyrolysis technology and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different pyrolysis processes and equipments, a new type of heat supply mode, electromagnetic pyrolysis, is proposed in this paper. A set of agitated continuous electromagnetic cracking equipment for waste rubber was designed. The pyrolysis equipment adopts twin-screw structure to push the material together with the single-screw discharging device to realize the continuous cracking of the waste rubber and the intermeshing of the twin-screw solves the problem of high viscosity clogging of the molten material. By using the characteristics of electromagnetic induction heating, the temperature rise time is shortened, the precise temperature control is realized, and the production efficiency of the equipment is improved. Based on the electromagnetic induction heating principle and the melt flow characteristics of rubber, the cavity structure and spiral structure of the pyrolysis equipment were designed reasonably. Based on the coupling calculation between Maxweell and Workbench, the eddy current loss and temperature rise distribution of pyrolysis equipment are analyzed. The feasibility of electromagnetic induction heating as a pyrolysis heat source is verified, which can provide a stable and reliable pyrolysis temperature for waste rubber cracking. By changing the process parameters of the equipment, the different electromagnetic field distribution cloud diagram and temperature distribution diagram are obtained. It is considered that the coil arrangement is tight, the wall thickness of the cracking chamber is reduced appropriately, and the distance between the coil and the pyrolysis cavity is reduced, so the better heating effect can be obtained. The cracking experiments of waste rubber were carried out by adjusting the operation parameters. The optimum pyrolysis temperature and energy consumption of waste rubber were obtained by comprehensive analysis of experimental data, determination of pyrolysis product composition and comparison of rubber cracking status. The experimental results show that the waste rubber electromagnetic cracking equipment has the advantages of fast and high efficiency, stable operation, good cracking effect, low cost, energy saving and environmental protection. The related design and conclusions provide a reference for the further study of the continuous electromagnetic cracking equipment in the future.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X705

【参考文献】