密怀顺水源区突发性地下水污染事故预警模型与应急措施研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 09:30

本文选题：突发性 + 地下水　；参考：《河北工程大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：地下水是地球上的宝贵资源,在人类生存发展、经济进步过程中起着举足轻重的作用。但是,近些年来,突发性地下水污染事故频繁发生,为了提高应对突发性地下水污染事故的能力,维护社会稳定,保护环境,本论文在相关研究的基础上,提出了一套突发性地下水污染事故预警模型,并提出了与预警警度相对应的应急响应措施,以期为相关研究学者和政府部门及时有效的应对突发事故提供可靠的科学依据。本文主要进行了以下几个方面的工作:首先,根据场地实际调研结果,介绍了研究区的自然环境概况和水文地质条件,以及研究区可能会发生突发事故的潜在风险源,包括工业废水污染、加油站、垃圾填埋场、农业污染源和畜禽养殖场五大类。假设畜禽养殖场发生突发事故,根据养殖基地与水质监测井的位置关系,明确了突发性地下水污染事故预警的评价目标。其次,采用PSR模型构建了突发性地下水污染事故预警指标体系,考虑了污染源特征、地下水易污性、自然环境风险、人体健康风险和经济社会损失风险五个因素,选取了15个预警指标。通过改进的层次分析法,得出指标体系中各个指标的权重,结果为:污染物浓度超标尺度占比最大,污染物自身毒性占比次之,净补给量占比最小。再次,通过参考标准或资料给出了各预警指标明确的计算方法和等级划分。针对突发性地下水污染事故,建立了突发性地下水污染事故指标等级标准,将突发性地下水污染事故预警分级划分为“巨警、重警、中警、轻警和无警”,对应的警度分别为四级、三级、二级、一级和零级。在此基础上,采用AHP—模糊综合评价法构造了突发性地下水污染事故模糊判断矩阵,利用最大隶属度原则对模糊判断矩阵进行综合评价,评价结果为:水井G2的预警级别为二级,警报颜色为黄色,说明将会受到中度污染;水井G3的预警级别为一级,警报颜色为蓝色,说明将会受到轻度污染;水井G7的预警级别为三级,警报颜色为橙色,说明将会受到重度污染;对照井G1的预警级别为零级,警报颜色为绿色,说明水井G2、G3和G7的预警结果可作参考。最后,在三个水井和一个对照井预警结果的基础上,提出了突发性地下水污染事故的应急措施,并分别给出了四个水井具体的响应措施。
[Abstract]:Groundwater is a valuable resource on the earth, which plays an important role in the process of human survival and development and economic progress. However, in recent years, sudden groundwater pollution accidents occur frequently. In order to improve the ability to deal with sudden groundwater pollution accidents, maintain social stability and protect the environment, this paper is based on the relevant research. This paper puts forward a set of early warning model of sudden groundwater pollution accident, and puts forward the emergency response measures corresponding to the warning warning degree, in order to provide a reliable scientific basis for relevant researchers and government departments to respond to sudden accidents in a timely and effective manner. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, according to the actual site investigation results, the natural environment and hydrogeological conditions of the research area are introduced, and the potential risk sources of sudden accidents in the research area are also introduced. Including industrial wastewater pollution, gas stations, landfills, agricultural pollution sources and livestock farms five categories. Based on the position relationship between breeding base and water quality monitoring well, the evaluation target of unexpected groundwater pollution accident is defined. Secondly, the early warning index system of sudden groundwater pollution accident is constructed by using PSR model. Five factors are considered, such as pollution source characteristics, groundwater pollution vulnerability, natural environment risk, human health risk and economic and social loss risk. Fifteen early warning indicators were selected. Through the improved analytic hierarchy process, the weight of each index in the index system is obtained. The results are as follows: the proportion of pollutant concentration exceeding the standard scale is the largest, the pollution itself toxicity ratio is the second, and the net feed ratio is the least. Thirdly, the calculation method and classification of each early warning index are given by reference standard or data. In view of the sudden groundwater pollution accident, the index grade standard of the sudden groundwater pollution accident is established, and the early warning classification of the sudden groundwater pollution accident is divided into "giant police, heavy warning, middle warning, light warning and no warning". The corresponding alarm levels are four, three, two, one and zero. On this basis, the fuzzy judgment matrix of sudden groundwater pollution accident is constructed by using AHP- fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the fuzzy judgment matrix is comprehensively evaluated by the principle of maximum membership degree. The evaluation results are as follows: the warning level of well G2 is two, the alarm color is yellow, indicating that the water well G3 will be moderately polluted, and the warning level of water well G3 is one grade, the warning color is blue, indicating that the water well G3 will be slightly polluted; The warning level of well G7 is three levels and the warning color is orange, which indicates that the warning level of well G1 is zero and the warning color is green, which indicates that the early warning results of well G2G3 and G7 can be used as reference. Finally, based on the early warning results of three wells and one controlled well, the emergency measures of the sudden groundwater pollution accident are put forward, and the concrete response measures of the four wells are given respectively.
【学位授予单位】：河北工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X523

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