湿法炼锌净化镍钴渣新工艺技术研究与应用

发布时间：2018-05-12 22:12

  本文选题：湿法炼锌 + 贫镉液　； 参考：《兰州理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：2008年,我国发布了新的危险废物名录,把锌冶炼过程中,锌浸出液净化产生的净化渣,包括锌粉-黄药法、砷盐法、逆向锑盐法、铅锑合金锌粉法等工艺除铜、镉、钴、镍、锑等杂质产生的废渣,列为有毒废物,其运输、贮存、利用或者处置,按照危险废物进行管理。因此,如何有效地处理湿法炼锌中产出的净化渣,并对其中的有价金属进行回收,具有重大的现实意义,也是衡量现代企业综合竞争实力的重要条件之一。贫镉液是湿法炼锌净化过程中产出的净化渣经酸浸出,回收铜、镉后所得的滤液。传统湿法炼锌净化工艺中,关键技术之一是怎样从硫酸锌溶液中脱除杂质钴,而贫镉液中钴离子的闭路循环问题一直困扰着各湿法炼锌厂。本文在前期研制的除钴试剂基础上,研究了将其应用于除去硫酸锌溶液中的钴镍,通过大量的实验室实验,开发出一种湿法炼锌三段净化新工艺,在国内某湿法炼锌厂进行了全流程的半工业净化试验和工业电积试验,以及把除钴试剂用于脱除贫镉液中高浓度的钴,取得的效果较好。本文重点研究了将除钴试剂应用于某湿法炼锌厂生产的贫镉液中进行钴开路处理的工艺。本文进行了系统的小型、半工业试验和工业化试生产。小型试验首先进行了含高浓度钴的纯硫酸锌体系中脱除钴的助沉剂量和除钴试剂量的条件试验,得到助沉剂为1.17倍钴质量比,除钴试剂为15倍钴质量比的试剂用量下,能将硫酸锌溶液中的Co2+从32.4mg/L~106mg/L除至lmg/L左右。然后进行了小型贫镉液除钴的时间、温度、助沉剂加入量、除钴试剂加入量、杂质镉离子对除钴影响的条件试验,得到在反应温度85~90℃,反应时间为lh,杂质镉浓度小于100mg/L的条件下,加入与纯硫酸锌体系中相同的试剂用量,验证了能将贫镉液中的钴除至lmg/L左右。在小型试验中所得到的最佳条件下,将该工艺进行了半工业试验和工业化试生产,得到的除钴后液均含钴在lmg/L左右,验证了该工艺的可行性和可推广性。工业化试验生产得到的一次净化钴渣综合样中钴含量在9%~12.8%,经过650℃马弗炉焙烧,处理的二次焙烧钴渣中钴含量为34.80%,且锌钴比在1左右,所获钴渣具有很好的回收和利用价值。将该研究工艺应用于生产,较好地解决了湿法炼锌过程中钴的循环问题,具有较好的推广价值。
[Abstract]:In 2008, China issued a new list of hazardous wastes to remove copper, cadmium, cobalt and nickel from zinc leaching solution purification slag, including zinc powder xanthate process, arsenic salt process, reverse antimony salt process, lead-antimony alloy zinc powder process and so on. Wastes produced by impurities such as antimony are classified as toxic wastes, which are transported, stored, utilized or disposed of, and managed in accordance with hazardous wastes. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to deal effectively with the purified residue produced in zinc hydrometallurgy and to recover the valuable metals, which is also one of the important conditions to measure the comprehensive competitive strength of modern enterprises. Cadmium-poor solution is the filtrate obtained after recovering copper and cadmium by acid leaching of purified slag produced in the purification process of zinc hydrometallurgy. One of the key technologies in the traditional zinc refining process is how to remove cobalt from zinc sulfate solution. However, the closed circuit of cobalt ion in cadmium poor solution has always troubled the zinc smelters. In this paper, a new three-stage purification process for zinc hydrometallurgy has been developed through a large number of laboratory experiments on the basis of the Cobalt removal reagent developed in the previous period, which has been applied to the removal of cobalt and nickel from zinc sulfate solution. The semi-industrial purification test and industrial electrodeposition test of the whole process were carried out in a domestic zinc smelting plant, and the effect of using cobalt remover to remove cobalt from cadmium deficient solution with high concentration was better. This paper focuses on the application of cobalt removal reagents in cadmium deficient liquid produced by a zinc hydrometallurgy plant for open circuit treatment of cobalt. In this paper, small scale, semi-industrial test and industrial trial production are carried out. In the small scale experiment, the conditions of the Cobalt removal dose and the amount of cobalt removal reagent in the system of pure zinc sulfate containing high concentration of cobalt were studied. The results showed that the dosage of the precipitator was 1.17 times of Cobalt mass ratio and that of Cobalt removal reagent was 15 times of Cobalt mass ratio. The Co2 in zinc sulfate solution can be divided from 32.4mg/L~106mg/L to lmg/L. Then the influence of the time, temperature, amount of precipitator, the amount of cobalt removal reagent and the impurity cadmium ion on the cobalt removal were tested. The reaction temperature was 8590 鈩，

本文编号：1880331