合肥市农业面源污染现状及治理对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 02:30

本文选题：合肥市 + 面源污染　；参考：《安徽农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业面源污染,是当今社会中导致生态环境逐渐恶化的重要污染源,已然成为现代农业发展的一项重要瓶颈问题。而我们所在的城市——合肥市及周边地区的农业面源污染已经达到相当惊人的程度,不仅破坏了生态环境,影响了农产品质量,还进一步影响了人们的生活质量以及健康状态,从而导致了社会经济发展水平降低,甚至于动摇了整个社会发展的基础。跟点源污染相比,面源污染具有范围广、影响大、扩散快等特点,无论从人们的重视程度还是政府对面源污染治理的投入力度,都远远达不到期望友好环境的理想状态。对于农业面源污染的治理对策虽然有各种不同的措施,并且都起了一定的作用,但综合效果仍然欠佳,难以达到满意的治理效果。因此,针对安徽省合肥市的目前现状和实际情况,我们提出了关于合肥市农业面源污染的治理对策。本文采取了综合分析的方法,着重调查了包含合肥市区、巢湖市、庐江县、肥东县、肥西县及长丰县在内的种植业、养殖业和生活污水的污染现状,研究结果如下。1、合肥市2015年调查种植业污染现状结果。合肥市2015年农作物播种总面积为1131.45万亩,其中,各县市区的种植情况是,合肥市区种植面积48.153万亩,占整个合肥市4.26%,巢湖市种植面积131.817万亩,占11.65%,庐江县种植面积266.6万亩,占23.56%,肥东县种植面积171万亩,占15.11%,肥西县种植面积166.65万亩,占14.73%,长丰县种植面积147.23万亩,占13.01%。合肥市全年的总氮流失量为13147.4吨,总磷全年的流失量为350.7吨;在各县市区的排放份额中,庐江县的排放几乎占据了四分之一,达到合肥市总量的23.56%,合肥市区(主要含包河区和蜀山区)的排放量仅为4.26%,其它各县市区的排放总量都在11%~15%左右。2、合肥市2015年调查养殖业污染现状结果。合肥市2015年生猪总数共435.09万头,其中巢湖市30.1万头,庐江县35.3万头,肥东县150.91万头,肥西县63.59万头,长丰县137.67万头。合肥市2015年生猪养殖业污染物粪便排放量是1778647.9吨、尿液排放量是4049600.2千升、化学需氧量排放量是536611.7吨、全氮排放量是40337.2吨、全磷排放量是5097.7吨、铜排放量是302.6吨、锌的排放量是447.2吨。这些污染物表现在肥东县和长丰县的排放量大,占据整个合肥市排放量的三分之二以上,合肥市区主要集中在蜀山区的小庙镇,排放量相对较小。合肥市2015年肉牛共有13942头,其中巢湖市有3162头,庐江县有10780头。每年的粪便排放量是75314.7吨,尿液排放量是45341.5千升,全氮全磷的排放量分别是781.0吨和101.0吨,化学需氧量排放量是15846.6吨。铜、锌排放量分别是0.5吨和2.4吨。3、根据合肥市种植业和养殖业的研究现状可以看出,合肥市农业面源污染存在着极大的威胁,迫切的需要采取相应的措施进行治理,采取的治理对策包括:扩大宣传,提高公众环保意识;加强组织管理和监督职能;发挥法律和制度的积极作用;充分利用经济的调节功能;及强化技术防治措施功能。
[Abstract]:Agricultural non-point source pollution is an important source of pollution that leads to the gradual deterioration of the ecological environment in today's society. It has become an important bottleneck problem in the development of modern agriculture, and the agricultural non-point source pollution in the city of Hefei and its surrounding areas has reached quite amazing range, which not only destroys the ecological environment, but also affects the agricultural products. Quality has further affected people's quality of life and health, which has led to the decline in the level of social and economic development and even the foundation of the development of the whole society. Compared with point source pollution, the pollution of the source has the characteristics of wide range, great influence and rapid diffusion, both from the level of people's attention and the treatment of the government from the pollution of the source. Although there are various measures for the treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution and play a certain role, the comprehensive effect is still poor and it is difficult to achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, the current situation and actual situation of Hefei in Anhui Province, I We have put forward the Countermeasures of agricultural non-point source pollution in Hefei. This paper adopts a comprehensive analysis method, and focuses on the investigation of the pollution status of planting, breeding and domestic sewage, including Hefei City, Chaohu City, Lujiang County, Feidong County, Feixi county and Changfeng County. The results of the study are as follows:.1, Hefei in 2015. The total area of Hefei's crop sowing in 2015 is 11 million 314 thousand and 500 mu. Among them, the planting of various counties and cities is 481 thousand and 530 mu, 4.26% in Hefei, 1 million 318 thousand and 170 mu in Chaohu and 11.65% in Chaohu, 23.56% in Lujiang County, 1 million 710 thousand mu in Feidong County, and 15.11 in Feidong. 15.11. %, the planting area of Feixi county is 1 million 666 thousand and 500 mu, accounting for 14.73%. The planting area of Changfeng county is 1 million 472 thousand and 300 mu. The total nitrogen loss of 13.01%. Hefei city is 13147.4 tons in the whole year, and the total phosphorus loss is 350.7 tons in the whole year. In the discharge share of the counties and cities, the emission of Lujiang county is almost 1/4, reaching the total of the Hefei City, and the Hefei urban area ( The emission of mainly Baohe and Shushan areas was only 4.26%, the total emission of other counties and cities was around 11%~15%.2, and Hefei city was investigated in 2015. The total number of pig breeding industry in Hefei in 2015 was 4 million 350 thousand and 900, including 301 thousand in Chaohu, 353 thousand in Lujiang County, 1 million 509 thousand and 100 in Feidong County, 635 thousand and 900 in Feixi County, Changfeng County. County 1 million 376 thousand and 700. Hefei in 2015, the fecal emissions of the pig breeding industry are 1778647.9 tons, urine emissions are 4049600.2 litres, chemical oxygen demand emissions are 536611.7 tons, total nitrogen emissions are 40337.2 tons, total phosphorus emissions are 5097.7 tons, copper emissions are 302.6 tons, and zinc emissions are 447.2 tons. These pollutants are shown in Feidong. The emissions of county and Changfeng County are large, occupying more than 2/3 of the total emissions of Hefei, and Hefei city is mainly concentrated in small temple towns in Shushan District, with relatively small emissions. In Hefei, there were 13942 cattle in 2015, of which 3162 were in Chaohu and 10780 in Lujiang county. The annual fecal emissions were 75314.7 tons, and urine emissions were 45341. .5 thousand liters, total nitrogen total phosphorus emissions are 781 tons and 101 tons, chemical oxygen demand emissions are 15846.6 tons. Copper, zinc emission is 0.5 tons and 2.4 tons of.3. According to the research status of Hefei planting and breeding industry, it can be seen that there is a great threat to agricultural non-point source pollution in Hefei, and the urgent need to take appropriate measures to advance. The countermeasures include: expanding propaganda, improving public awareness of environmental protection, strengthening the function of organization management and supervision, giving full play to the positive role of law and system, making full use of the regulating function of the economy, and strengthening the function of technical prevention and control measures.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X71;X52

【参考文献】