人为干扰下的珠江口海岸带生态风险评价

发布时间：2018-05-20 01:05

本文选题：生态风险 + 景观生态风险评价　；参考：《广州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：海岸带是世界人口集聚、国民经济和社会发展的重要区域和战略中心。然而,在人口高度聚集、城市快速扩张、集约化农业生产,高强度工业活动和交通运输压力等人类活动影响下,海岸带生态系统的组成、结构与功能发生了巨大变化,海岸带生态安全与风险评价引发了社会和学术界的广泛关注。本文通过梳理人为干扰下的珠江口海岸带生态风险源、生态风险受体、生态风险评价终点以及暴露-危害过程,完成了珠江口海岸带人为生态风险系统识别;借助景观生态学理论、风险度量理论、距离衰减理论及遥感、区域综合分析法、累积耗费距离模型等方法模型,构建了以人为干扰胁迫概率、景观生态脆弱度、景观生态损失度为基础的珠江口海岸带人为景观生态风险评价模型;并利用景观类型数据和该评价模型,对珠江口海岸带地区进行了人为干扰下的生态风险评价与分析。根据研究结果可得到以下研究结论:(1)珠江口海岸带以城镇化与工业化、农业种植、水产养殖等人类干扰活动为主要人为生态风险源。这些人类干扰活动不仅占用了大量生态用地,还造成能源消耗、污染物排放等生态损害。(2)本文构建的人为干扰下的珠江口海岸带生态风险评价模型以生态风险识别为基础,模型生态涵义较为清晰;评价数据要求较低,评价模型简单,可操作性强,在海岸带区域人为生态风险评价方面具有较为明显的优势。(3)在人为干扰胁迫下,珠江口海岸带近岸陆域的生态风险最大,其次为近岸海域,区域整体生态风险处于偏高水平。珠江口东岸海岸带地区生态风险值明显高于珠江口西岸海岸带地区。其中东莞市、深圳市的海岸带人为生态风险最高,亟需加强生态风险管理。广州市、珠海市海岸带生态风险处于中等偏低水平,区域整体生态状况较好,但仍需要加强部分地区的生态风险管理。中山市海岸带生态风险处于低值水平,是珠江口沿海各市海岸带生态风险最低的地区,其生态风险管理需求较小。本研究以风险系统识别为基础,基于邻接斑块性质、风险源与风险受体之间的空间距离,构建海岸带生态风险传播系数,定量表征生态风险在异质性空间区域内的传播过程,体现景观生态风险评价的生态涵义,为景观生态风险评价提供应用参考;研究聚焦珠江口海岸带人为干扰胁迫,开展了人为干扰胁迫下的珠江口海岸生态风险评价与分析,对珠江口海岸带生态环境管理、海岸带经济可持续发展等具有重要的现实和指导意义。
[Abstract]:Coastal zone is an important regional and strategic center of world population concentration, national economy and social development. However, under the influence of human activities, such as high population concentration, rapid urban expansion, intensive agricultural production, high-intensity industrial activities and transportation pressure, the composition, structure and function of coastal zone ecosystems have undergone tremendous changes. Ecological security and risk assessment in coastal zone has aroused widespread concern in society and academia. By combing the ecological risk sources, ecological risk receptors, ecological risk evaluation endpoints and exposure-hazard processes in the coastal zone of the Pearl River Estuary under human disturbance, the identification of the artificial ecological risk system in the coastal zone of the Pearl River Estuary has been completed in this paper. With the help of landscape ecology theory, risk measurement theory, distance attenuation theory and remote sensing, regional comprehensive analysis method, cumulative cost distance model and so on, the probability of artificial interference stress and the vulnerability of landscape ecology were constructed. The ecological risk assessment model of the Pearl River Estuary coastal zone based on the degree of landscape ecological loss is presented, and the ecological risk assessment and analysis of the coastal zone of the Pearl River Estuary are carried out by using the data of landscape types and the evaluation model. According to the results of the study, the following conclusions can be obtained: the main anthropogenic ecological risk sources in the coastal zone of the Pearl River Estuary are urbanization and industrialization, agricultural cultivation, aquaculture and other human disturbance activities. These human disturbance activities not only occupy a large amount of ecological land, but also cause ecological damage such as energy consumption and pollutant discharge.) the ecological risk assessment model of the Pearl River Estuary coastal zone constructed in this paper is based on ecological risk identification. The ecological meaning of the model is clear, the evaluation data is low, the evaluation model is simple and operable, and it has obvious advantages in the assessment of human ecological risk in the coastal zone. The ecological risk in the coastal zone of the Pearl River Estuary is the largest, followed by the coastal area, and the overall ecological risk is on the high side. The value of ecological risk in the east coast of Pearl River Estuary is obviously higher than that in the coastal zone of the east coast of Pearl River Estuary. In Dongguan City, the coastal zone of Shenzhen City has the highest man-made ecological risk, so it is urgent to strengthen ecological risk management. The ecological risk in the coastal zone of Guangzhou and Zhuhai is on the moderate low level, and the overall ecological condition of the region is good, but it is still necessary to strengthen the ecological risk management in some areas. The ecological risk in the coastal zone of Zhongshan City is at the low level, which is the lowest in the coastal zone of the Pearl River estuary, and the demand for ecological risk management is relatively small. Based on the recognition of risk system and the nature of adjacent patches and the spatial distance between risk sources and risk receptors, the ecological risk propagation coefficient of coastal zone was constructed to quantitatively characterize the spread process of ecological risk in heterogeneous spatial regions. It embodies the ecological meaning of landscape ecological risk assessment, and provides the application reference for landscape ecological risk assessment, studies and analyses the ecological risk assessment and analysis of Pearl River Estuary coastal zone under anthropogenic disturbance stress, focusing on the human disturbance stress in the coastal zone of the Pearl River Estuary. It has important practical and guiding significance for the ecological environment management in the coastal zone of the Pearl River Estuary and the sustainable economic development of the coastal zone.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826

【参考文献】