洮河干流中游段（临潭～卓尼）生态累积影响评价及预测分析

发布时间：2018-05-20 04:36

本文选题：洮河干流 + 累积影响　；参考：《兰州理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：洮河是黄河第一支流,洮河流域水资源的开发、利用对支撑国民经济和社会发展都起着重要作用。洮河流域梯级开发带动经济的同时,也给环境带来忽视的影响,流域梯级水电群除了具备单项水利工程引发环境问题的特点外,还具有累积性和潜在性。为保障河流健康,坚持生态优先原则,以科学的途径对流域资源进行有序开发,为人类创造更多价值,开展累积环境影响评价工作显得迫切和必要。本文在广泛阅读、总结国内外专家学者在流域累积环境影响评价之后,对洮河干流(临潭~卓尼)进行环境影响分析及预测。以洮河干流(临潭~卓尼)为例,应用GIS技术,幕景分析法、类比法、专家判断法对评价区域水环境、生态环境、社会环境的变化进行现状分析与预测,选取2015年为第二时间暮景,预测2025年评价区域环境状况的演变趋势。结果表明:(1)流域梯级开发引起了河流水文情势的变化,改变了水环境特性。首先流域梯级建设引发年径流量变化,2015年径流量实测值增加12.53亿m~3,年内径流量分配不均,丰水期与枯水期径流量相差较大;其次梯级电站建设使得评价区域水质发生恶化,2015年地表水环境符合V标准,水质出现下降,当污染物超过水环境承载能力极限时,还有可能诱发阈值效应;最后评价区域水温出现分层现象,电站库容小,预测水温分层现象不会干扰下游河道生物的正常繁衍、生长。(2)评价区域梯级电站的连续修建打破景观整体性,通过GIS技术以及幕景分析法,分析得2015年工程项目造成的生境破坏对整个区域产生的影响值大于0.8,表示工程项目产生的生境破坏对整个区域造成的累积影响很小,预测2025年规划电站建设引起生境破坏对整个区域造成的累积影响只是在现有程度和范围上有所增加;但是电站的修建,造成严重的水土流失问题。2015年水土流失总量52284.21t,其中弃土弃渣新增水土流失总量49785t,预测2025年规划电站弃土弃渣引起的水土流失将成为水土流失的主要原因。(3)针对流域现有环境问题及今后一定时间内的演变趋势,提出累积影响保护和修复对策,并建立一套适合洮河干流(临潭~卓尼)健康发展的管理体系。本文选取西北地区较为具有代表性的洮河干流(临潭~卓尼)作为研究对象,丰富了累积环境影响评价内涵,对今后洮河流域规划起到一定指导作用。
[Abstract]:Tao River is the first tributary of the Yellow River. The utilization of water resources plays an important role in supporting the national economy and social development. At the same time, the cascade hydropower group has the characteristics of environmental problems caused by single water conservancy project, but also has cumulation and potential. In order to ensure the health of rivers, adhere to the principle of ecological priority, develop river resources in an orderly way through scientific approaches, create more value for human beings, it is urgent and necessary to carry out cumulative environmental impact assessment. After extensive reading and summing up experts and scholars at home and abroad, environmental impact analysis and prediction are carried out on the main stream of Tao River (Lintan ~ Zhuoni) after accumulative environmental impact assessment. Taking the main stream of Tao River (Lintan ~ Zhuoni) as an example, using GIS technology, scene analysis method, analogy method and expert judgment method, the present situation analysis and prediction of the changes of regional water environment, ecological environment and social environment are analyzed and forecasted. Selecting 2015 as the second twilight, the evolution trend of the regional environmental condition in 2025 was predicted. The results show that the cascade development of the river basin changes the hydrological situation of the river and changes the characteristics of the water environment. First, the river basin cascade construction caused the annual runoff change, the measured value of the runoff increased by 1.253 billion mm3 in 2015, the distribution of the runoff was uneven in the year, and the runoff difference between the high water period and the dry season was quite large. Secondly, the construction of cascade power stations makes the water quality of the evaluation area deteriorate. In 2015, the surface water environment conforms to the V standard, and the water quality decreases. When the pollutants exceed the limit of the carrying capacity of the water environment, the threshold effect may also be induced. Finally, the regional water temperature is stratified, the storage capacity of the power station is small, and the prediction of water temperature stratification will not interfere with the normal propagation of downstream river organisms. By means of GIS technology and scene view analysis, it is found that the impact of habitat damage caused by engineering projects on the whole region in 2015 is greater than 0.8, which indicates that the cumulative impact of habitat damage caused by engineering projects on the whole region is very small. It is projected that the cumulative impact of habitat destruction planned for 2025 for the entire region will only increase to the present extent and scope; however, the construction of the power stations, The total amount of soil and water loss in 2015 is 52284.21 t, of which the total amount of new soil erosion is 49785t. It is predicted that the soil and water loss caused by the waste slag of power station in 2025 will be the main cause of soil and water loss. The existing environmental problems and the trend of evolution in the future, The countermeasures of protection and restoration of cumulative impact are put forward, and a set of management system suitable for the healthy development of Taohe River main stream (Lintan ~ Zhuoni) is established. In this paper, the representative Taohe mainstream (Lintan ~ Zhuoni) in Northwest China is chosen as the research object, which enriches the connotation of cumulative environmental impact assessment and plays a certain guiding role in the planning of Tao River basin in the future.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826

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