CMR湿地面积变化与境内气象因子响应机制

发布时间：2018-05-20 09:26

本文选题：中俄蒙 + 湿地　；参考：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：CMR湿地即中俄蒙(CMR)达乌尔国际自然保护区,创立于1994年,涵盖中国的达赉湖国家级自然保护区、蒙古国的达乌尔国家级自然保护区和俄罗斯的达乌尔斯克国家级自然保护区3个区域,3个保护区均处于三国共同边境地区,地域上相互连接,生境相似,对该地区的研究有利于加强国际间生物多样性保护,增进国际间自然保护交流。研究掌握该区域所面临的突出生态问题—区域湿地退化的过程、阐明区域生态安全格局,可为区域资源环境协调发展和我国争取国际环境履约谈判主动权提供重要技术支撑。不仅能够提升我国对区域环境管理的应急性、培育性和基础性能力,而且也能够解决区域环境领域科技发展中的关键瓶颈问题,有效提升国家环境综合决策能力。本研究以中俄蒙“CMR达乌尔”国际重要湿地为典型研究区,采用遥感数据与气象数据相结合的方法,分析过去近60a间区域湿地生态系统的时空演变特征,并结合区域自然环境和社会经济特点,研究识别境内草原湿地面积分布及其分布格局与气象因子的响应机制,建立相关统计学模型。结果表明:(1)研究区1959~2015年间日平均气温、年最高气温、年最低气温均呈现不断升高的趋势,1978~1996年日均降水量较1959~1977年间增加,1997年之后降水量明显减少;(2)1954~2015年,研究区湿地总面积先增加后减少,总体呈减少趋势,减少了1094.05km2,沙地总体增加了2545.84km2。湿地面积的变化主要集中分布在达赉湖自然保护区东北部新达赉湖(新开湖)区域,沙地面积的变化区域主要集中分布在新巴尔虎左旗;(3)研究区气象因子对湿地动态变化的影响主要体现在4~9月最高气温与降水量的变化上:湿地面积增加,沙地面积减少,最高气温上升幅度和降水量下降幅度变小,最高气温倾向率与湿地变化率在0.011水平上显著,与沙地变化率在0.014水平上显著;相反地,若湿地面积减少、沙地面积增加,则最高气温上升幅度和降水量下降幅度变大,降水量倾向率与湿地变化率在0.016水平上显著,与沙地变化率在0.017水平上显著。
[Abstract]:CMR Wetland (China, Russia, Mongolia) Daour International Nature Reserve, founded in 1994, covers the Dalai Lake National Nature Reserve in China. The three regions of Daour National Nature Reserve of Mongolia and Daulsk National Nature Reserve of Russia are all located in the common border areas of the three countries, which are connected to each other geographically and have similar habitats. The research on this area is helpful to strengthen the international biodiversity conservation and enhance the international exchange of nature conservation. Studying and mastering the process of regional wetland degradation, which is a prominent ecological problem in the region, can provide important technical support for the coordinated development of regional resources and environment and the initiative of international environmental implementation negotiations. It can not only enhance the ability of emergency, cultivation and foundation of regional environmental management in China, but also solve the key bottleneck in the development of science and technology in the field of regional environment, and effectively enhance the comprehensive decision-making ability of national environment. In this study, "CMR Daour" wetland in China, Russia and Mongolia is taken as the typical research area, and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of wetland ecosystem in the past 60 years are analyzed by combining remote sensing data with meteorological data. Based on the regional natural environment and social economic characteristics, this paper studies the response mechanism of identifying the grassland wetland area distribution and its distribution pattern and meteorological factors, and establishes the relevant statistical model. The results show that the daily mean temperature, the annual maximum temperature and the annual minimum temperature in the study area are all increasing continuously during 1959-2015. The daily average precipitation from 1978-1996 is higher than that from 1959and 1977, and the precipitation after 1997 is obviously reduced from 1954 to 2015. The total area of wetland in the study area increased first and then decreased. The total area of wetland decreased by 1094.05km2, and the sandy land increased by 2545.84km2. The changes of wetland area are mainly distributed in the area of New Dalai Lake (Xinkai Lake) in the northeast of Dalai Lake Nature Reserve. The effect of meteorological factors on the dynamic changes of wetland is mainly reflected in the change of maximum temperature and precipitation from April to September: the area of wetland increases and the area of sandy land decreases. The maximum temperature rising range and precipitation decreasing range become smaller, the maximum temperature tendency rate and wetland change rate are significant at 0.011 level, and the change rate of sandy land is significant at 0.014 level, on the contrary, if the wetland area decreases, the sandy land area increases. The maximum temperature rise and precipitation decrease increased, the precipitation tendency rate and wetland change rate were significant at 0.016 level, and the change rate of sandy land was significant at 0.017 level.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X36

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