中国工业水污染排放的空间格局及结构演变研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 10:51

本文选题：工业水污染 + 空间格局　；参考：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年05期

【摘要】：我国工业企业污染物排放的空间格局正在发生变化。现有的统计数据不能提供区分区域和行业层面的工业企业污染物排放数据,无法刻画地市尺度上各个工业部门污染排放的空间格局及其演变。工业企业污染物排放的空间认知是制定环境污染控制和区域产业发展规划的科学基础。本文聚焦于工业水污染,构建了新的工业企业水污染排放的空间估算方法,估算分行业分区域的工业水污染排放量,来分析地市尺度上中国工业水污染排放的空间格局及其演变。本文构建的空间估算方法首先将全国分行业污染排放量依据产值分解到省级和地市层面,再依据企业规模校正系数、生产工艺校正系数和环境管制能力校正系数对未考虑区域差异的排放强度进行校正,最后采用适时修正法对污染物排放量的估算结果进行部门和区域的平衡调整。以基于空间估算方法估算的工业COD为例,剔除个别异常值后,2010年省级尺度重点行业工业COD排放量估算结果的平均误差为12.7%,数据质量优良,显示本估算方法较强的适用性。根据本文的结果,发现2005年至2010年间我国工业COD的减排主要由造纸及纸制品业的技术效应贡献,其中又以西部地区造纸及纸制品业贡献突出,其次是东部地区,中部地区略有贡献,东北部地区贡献为负值。其他对工业COD减排作出较大贡献的行业包括食品加工业和化学原料及化学品制造业,但不同产业的区域差异显著。基于可持续性发展的视角,技术效应与规模效应同样显著的产业应当作为区域的主导产业予以重点发展。
[Abstract]:The spatial pattern of pollutant emission from industrial enterprises in China is changing. The existing statistical data can not provide the pollutant emission data of industrial enterprises at the regional and industry levels, nor can they describe the spatial pattern and evolution of pollution emissions in various industrial sectors on the scale of prefectures and cities. The spatial cognition of pollutant emission from industrial enterprises is the scientific basis for formulating environmental pollution control and regional industrial development planning. This paper focuses on industrial water pollution, constructs a new spatial estimation method of water pollution discharge from industrial enterprises, and estimates the discharge of industrial water pollution in different industries and regions. To analyze the spatial pattern and evolution of industrial water pollution discharge in China. The spatial estimation method constructed in this paper firstly decomposes the national pollution emissions according to the output value to the provincial level and the prefectural level, then corrects the coefficient according to the scale of the enterprise. The correction coefficient of production process and the correction coefficient of environmental control ability are used to correct the emission intensity which does not take into account the regional differences. Finally, a timely correction method is adopted to adjust the sectoral and regional balance of the estimated results of pollutant emissions. Taking the industrial COD estimation based on the spatial estimation method as an example, after excluding individual abnormal values, the average error of the estimation results of the industrial COD emissions in the provincial scale key industries in 2010 is 12.7, and the quality of the data is good, which shows that this estimation method is more applicable. According to the results of this paper, it is found that from 2005 to 2010, China's industrial COD emission reduction is mainly contributed by the technical effects of papermaking and paper products industry, especially in the western region, followed by the eastern region. The central region contributed slightly, the northeast region contributed to the negative value. Other industries that contribute significantly to COD emissions reduction include food processing and chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing, but there are significant regional differences among different industries. Based on the perspective of sustainable development, industries with equally significant technological effects and scale effects should be developed as regional leading industries.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学经济学院;中国科学院大学经济与管理学院;中国地质大学(北京)人文经管学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“资源环境约束下中国经济中长期发展前景与绿色发展模式”(批准号:71173212),“环境规制政策对产业空间分布的影响研究:基于环境便利性的视角”(批准号:71503241),“产业空间布局的资源环境效应”(批准号:41471112) 国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国经济绿色发展的理论内涵、实现路径与政策创新”(批准号:15ZDC006)
【分类号】：X322

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